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McDUFFIE a royal academician in 1846. Among his chief works are: "Love Triumphant," a group exe- cuted for Mr. William Beaumont, u A Girl at Prayer," "Cupid," "Early Sorrow," "Psyche," "The Death of Virginia," and "Eve." McDUFFIE, an E. county of Georgia, formed since the census of 1870, bounded N. by Little river, a tributary of the Savannah ; area, about 350 sq. m. The surface is rolling and tim- bered, and the soil productive. It is traversed by the Georgia railroad. Capital, Thomson. McDUFFIE, George, an American statesman, born in Columbia co., Ga., about 1788, died in Sumter district, S. C., March 11, 1851. He began life as clerk in a mercantile establish- ment in Augusta, Ga., graduated at the South Carolina college in 1813, was admitted to the bar in 1814, and soon established himself in practice in Edgefield, S. 0. In 1818 he was elected to the South Carolina legislature. A political controversy in which he was involved with Col. William Cummings of Georgia led to several duels, in one of which he was wound- ed with a ball, which, being never extracted, affected his health through life. His writings at this time were diametrically opposed to the views which he subsequently espoused, as he then maintained the principle of consolidation against that of state rights. His various pa- pers on this subject were collected in a series of pamphlets, entitled "The Crisis." In 1821 he became a member of congress. In Decem- ber, 1823, he introduced a motion for a select committee to inquire into the expediency of recommending to the states a change in the constitution, so as to establish uniformity in the mode of electing the members of the house of representatives, and also a change in respect to the mode of choosing electors for president and vice president. As chairman of this com- mittee, he made an elaborate report. In Jan- uary, 1825, he opposed internal improvements in the states by congress. In the 19th con- gress he argued against the proposed congress of Panama, a favorite measure of President Adams. He also brought up again th^ subject of amendments to the constitution as to the election of president and vice president, his main object being to prevent the choice from ever falling into the house of representatives. As chairman of the committee of ways and means, he endeavored to maintain the bank of the United States. He was a frequent assail- ant of the protective tariff, and was engaged in the debates on most of the important ques- tions before the house. In December, 1830, he opened the case, in a speech of great power, for the prosecution in the trial of Judge Peck, on an impeachment for which the senate had been resolved into a court. Though he had been originally a supporter of President Jack- son, yet as his administration had not satisfied the state rights men of the south, he became his adversary. In South Carolina the hostil- ity to the protective tariff policy had reached its climax, and Mr. McDuffie was one of the MACEDO 781 most ardent and eloquent champions of the doctrine of nullification, which he regarded not as a constitutional, but as a justifiable rev- olutionary measure. From 1820 to 1831 the legislature of South Carolina repeatedly pro- tested against a protective tariff, and in 1832 a convention of the people of that state declared such acts to be null and void, and forbade that they should be enforced within the limits of the state. The convention also published two addresses, one to the people of South Carolina and the other to the people of the United States, the latter of which was written by Mr. McDuffie. In 1834 he left congress, after ma- king a vehement speech against the adminis- tration, and in the same year was elected governor of South Carolina. The college of the state was reorganized by his efforts. At the expiration of his term of office he retired to private life, but in 1842 was elected to the United States senate. The failure of his strength obliged him to resign this office and to terminate his public career in 1846. He was one of the most successful planters in the state, and left an admirable oration delivered before the state agricultural society. For many years before his death he was common- ly called Gen. McDuffie, having been a major general in the state militia. MACE. See NUTMEG. MACE, Jean, a French author, born in Paris, April 22, 1815. He studied and taught at the Stanislas college, and subsequently was profes- sor in other institutions. He was for some time in the army, until a substitute was purchased for him by Prof. Burette, his former teacher of history, whose secretary he was till his death in 1847. An ardent republican, he was con- nected with the press after the revolution of 1848, and was expelled from Paris after the coup d'etat of Dec. 2, 1851. He was professor till 1861 in a female seminary in Alsace, where he prepared his Histoire d'une Vouchee de pain (Paris, 1861), which was followed in 1866 by a sequel entitled Les sermteurs de Vestomac. These works have been translated into Eng- lish, and published under the titles, " History of a Mouthful of Bread," and " The Servants of the Stomach." He also wrote fairy stories, which have been translated by Mary L. Booth, under the title, "Mace's Fairy Book" (Few York, 1866). In 1864, in conjunction with Stahl, he founded Le Magasin ^Education et de Recreation ; and he describes in his Mo- rale en action (1865) the working of the soci- ety which he had established for communal libraries in the department of Haut-Ehin. In 1866 he founded in Paris a society called " The League of Instruction," of which he continues to be the president (1874). Among his more recent writings are L'CEil (1869) ; Lettre d?un paysan d> Alsace d un senateur (1870); and La separation de Veglise et de Vecole, and La demi-instruction (1872). MACEDO, Joaqnim Manoel de, a Brazilian au- thor, born at San Joao de Itaborahy, June 24,