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McGUFFEY MACHIAS 785 placed in a commercial house in Canada. On his return to England he was employed on com- mercial missions to various continental gov- ernments, and in 1840 he was appointed one of the two joint secretaries of the board of trade. He became an advocate of free-trade measures, and exerted his influence with Joseph Hume to cause the appointment in the house of com- mons of a select committee on the import du- ties. In 1847 he resigned his office and was elected to parliament for Glasgow. He estab- lished the Royal British bank, but lacked the qualifications for the governorship of such an institution, and, to escape the legal investiga- tion which followed its failure, retired to Bou- logne. He published " Sketch of British Amer- ica" (1828) ; "Emigration to British America" (1829) ; " My Note Book " (1835), an account of his travels on the continent ; "Commercial and Financial Legislation of Europe and Amer- ica " (1841) ; " Commercial Statistics of all Na- tions " (5 vols., 1844-'50) ; " Progress of Amer- ica from the Discovery by Columbus to 1846 " (2 vols., 1847) ; "Holland and the Dutch Colo- nies " (1848) ; " Germany and her Resources " (1848) ; and " History of the British Empire, from the Accession of James I." (2 vols., 1852), a work left incomplete at his death. He was also the author of many commercial reports. McGUFFEY, William Holmes, an American edu- cator, born in "Washington co., Pa., Sept. 23, 1800, died at Charlottesville, Ya., May 4, 1873. He graduated at Washington college, Pa., in 1826, and was elected professor of ancient lan- guages in Miami university, at Athens, Ohio. In 1829 he was licensed to preach as a minister of the Presbyterian church. In 1832 he was transferred to the chair of mental science. While at Miami university he prepared a series of "Eclectic" school books, which have been many times republished. He became president of Cincinnati college in 1836, of Miami univer- sity in 1839 ; and in 1845 he was elected pro- fessor of moral philosophy in the university of Virginia, where he remained until his death. McHALE, John, an Irish archbishop, born at Tubbernavine, county Mayo, in 1790. He studied at Maynooth college, and in 1814 was ordained priest, and appointed professor of dogmatic theology. While there he published under the signature of " Hierophilus " a series of controversial letters on Bible societies, the Protestant establishment in Ireland, and Catho- lic emancipation. In 1825 he was appointed coadjutor to the bishop of Killala, with the title of bishop of Maronea in partibus infide- lium. In 1827 he published "Evidences and Doctrines of the Catholic Church" (2d ed., London, 1842 ; 3d ed., Dublin, 1852), which was immediately translated into French and German. A second series of letters under his own name appeared at this time, and, being chiefly on the. subject of Catholic emancipa- tion, aided powerfully to stimulate public opin- ion. He also constructed a cathedral at Bal- lina, the residence of the bishop, and labored successfully to promote the education of poor Catholic children. He went to Rome in 1831, and returned to Ireland in 1832, after preach- ing in the church of San Marcello a series of sermons, which were translated into Italian and published by Monsignore de Luca. In May, 1834, he became titular bishop of Killala, and in the following August was appointed arch- bishop of Tuam. Besides completing the ca- thedral begun by Archbishop Kelly, he re- paired or built anew more than 100 churches in his diocese, established 14 for the Francis- can monks with free schools attached to them, and three large houses and schools for the Christian brothers. He has been the consis- tent advocate of separate free schools for Catho- lics since 1825, and has succeeded in opening one in almost every parish of his diocese. In 1848 he went to Rome, and obtained (Oct. 18) an official condemnation of the " queen's col- leges;" and he has since devoted his energies to counteracting the labors of Protestant mis- sionary societies among his flock, and promo- ting the establishment of exclusively Catholic schools and colleges. In 1869 he took a promi- nent part in procuring the censure of mixed education by a council of Irish bishops. He has published an Irish version of a part of Moore's " Irish Melodies," in the same metre as the original, with the ancient airs ; an Irish version in heroic metre of six books of the Iliad (Dublin, 1861) ; and an English and Irish translation of the Pentateuch (1863), to be fol- lowed by the other books of the Old Testament. M( HENRY. I. A N. E. county of Illinois, bordering on Wisconsin, drained by Fox and Des Plaines rivers and their branches; area, 470 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 23,762. The surface is nearly level and the soil fertile. Limestone abounds. Several divisions of the Chicago and Northwestern railroad pass through it. The chief productions in 1870 were 402,060 bushels of wheat, 1,145,005 of Indian corn, 910,397 of oats, 77,456 of barley, 303,467 of potatoes, 13,873 of flax seed, 290,022 Ibs. of wool, 910,- 226 of butter, 192,158 of cheese, and 71,742 tons of hay. There were 10,382 horses, 16,- 378 milch cows, 14,944 other cattle, 64,331 sheep, and 21,181 swine ; 9 manufactories of carriages, 18 of cheese boxes, 12 of saddlery and harness, 3 of sash, doors, and blinds, 3 of brick, and 12 flour mills. Capital, Dorr. II. A N. county of Dakota, recently formed, and not included in the census of 1870 ; area, about 1,650 sq. m. It is drained by Cheyenne and Mouse rivers, and contains several small lakes. There are extensive sand hills and several ele- vated points called buttes. The surface con- sists mostly of rolling prairies. MACHIAS, the shire town and a port of en- try of Washington co., Maine, on the Machias river, near its mouth, 120 m. E. by N. of Au- gusta, and 35 m. S. by W. of Calais ; pop. in 1870, 2,525. It is connected by steamer with Portland, and a railroad, 7f m. long, used in transporting lumber, extends from Machiasport