Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume X.djvu/827

MADISON" 821 wheat, 1,028,150 of Indian corn, 74,673 of oats, 62,184 of potatoes, 73,457 Ibs. of wool, 322,- 487 of butter, and 10,385 tons of hay. There were 7,677 horses, 5,145 milch cows, 7,737 other cattle, 22,820 sheep, and 29,885 swine; 11 manufactories of carriages, 1 of agricultu- ral implements, 3 of cooperage, 7 of furniture, 7 of saddlery and harness, 2 of sash, doors, and blinds, 3 of woollen goods, 17 planing mills, and 6 flour mills. Capital, Anderson. XV. A S. W. county of Illinois, bordered W. by the Mississippi ; area, 760 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 44,131. The surface is undulating and the soil very fertile. The Chicago and Alton and several other railroads pass through it. The chief productions in 1870 were 1,207,731 bushels of wheat, 2,127,540 of Indian corn, 474,262 of oats, 667,460 of potatoes, 24,899 Ibs. of wool, 288,988 of butter, and 26,088 tons of hay. There were 12,194 horses, 3,070 mules and asses, 7,734 milch cows, 6,145 other cattle, 8,627 sheep, and 52,480 swine ; 9 manu- factories of agricultural implements, 1 of bells, 28 of carriages, 19 of cooperage, 14 of furni- ture, 1 of window glass, 3 of iron castings, 2 of lime, 2 of machinery, 23 of saddlery and har- ness, 3 of sash, doors, and blinds, 13 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 3 of tobacco and snuff, 2 of woollen goods, 6 breweries, 7 saw mills, and 17 flour mills. Capital, Edwards- ville. XVI. A S. W. county of Iowa, drained by North and Middle rivers, tributaries of the Des Moines, and by a branch of Middle river ; area, 396 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 13,884. It has an undulating surface and fertile soil. The Chicago, Rock Island, and Pacific railroad skirts the N. part, and the "Winterset branch terminates at the county seat. The chief productions in 1870 were 358,031 bushels of wheat, 1,453,684 of Indian corn, 140,639 of oats, 62,231 of potatoes, 71,999 Ibs. of wool, 302,835 of butter, and 20,758 tons of hay. There were 5,459 horses, 4,337 milch cows, 7,903 other cattle, 20,183 sheep, and 19,185 swine; 1 woollen mill, 4 flour mills, and 9 lumber mills. Capital, Winterset. XVII. A S. E. county of Missouri, drained by St. Fran- cis and Castor rivers ; area, about 550 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 5,849, of whom 159 were col- ored. The soil is moderately fertile. Very fine iron and lead ores abound. The St. Louis and Iron Mountain railroad passes through it. The chief productions in 1870 were 11,- 431 bushels of wheat, 155,352 of Indian corn, 45,156 of oats, 8,949 of potatoes, 17,887 Ibs. of tobacco, 7,869 of wool, 42,419 of butter, and 1,298 tons of hay. There were 1,101 horses, 1,014 milch cows, 2,195 other cattle, 4,108 sheep, and 7,358 swine. Capital, Fred- erick. XVIII. A K E. county of Nebraska, intersected in the K part by the Elkhorn riv- er ; area, 576 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 1,133. The surface is undulating and the soil fertile. The chief productions in 1870 were 24,929 bushels of wheat, 8,105 of Indian corn, 15,330 of oats, 3,907 of potatoes, 15,130 Ibs. of butter, and 1,662 tons of hay. There were 209 horses, 194 milch cows, 514 other cattle, 317 sheep, and 251 swine. Capital, Norfolk. XIX. A S. W. county of Montana, bordering on Idaho, from which it is separated by the Rocky moun- tains; area, 5,100 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 2,684, of whom 299 were Chinese. It is watered by Jefferson and Madison rivers, and is one of the best agricultural counties of the territory. Gold is abundant, and the census of 1870 re- turns 33 mines as in operation, of which 15 were hydraulic, 10 placer, and 8 quartz. The chief productions were 10,764 bushels of wheat, 15,768 of oats, 11,130 of barley, 17,065 of po- tatoes, 28,470 Ibs. of butter, and 1,449 tons of hay. There were 776 horses, 1,216 milch cows, 4,155 other cattle, and 375 sheep ; 1 flour mill, 3 saw mills, and 12 quartz mills. Capital, Virginia City, the capital of the territory. MADISON, a city of Wisconsin, capital of the state and of Dane co., situated in lat. 43 4' K, Ion. 89 23' W., 75 m. W. of Milwaukee; pop. in 1850, 1,525; in 1860, 6,611; in 1870, 9,176, of whom 3,114 were foreigners. It is built in the midst of the " Four Lake region," so called from a chain of beautiful lakes which extend over a distance of 16 m. and discharge their surplus waters into Yahara or Catfish river, a tributary of Rock river. Mendota or Fourth lake, the uppermost and largest, is 9 m. long, 6 m. wide, and from 50 to 70 ft. deep in some places, and fed chiefly by springs ; it has beau- tiful white gravelly shores and pure cold wa- ter. Monona or Third lake is 5 m. long and 2 m. wide, and Lakes Waubesa and Kegonsa are each about 3 m. in length by 2 m. in width. The city of Madison occupies an undulating isthmus between Lakes Mendota and Monona, and in point of situation and scenery is the most beautiful city in the west. It is about 3 m. in length and 1 m. in breadth, and has wide, straight, and regular streets, with many beau- tiful buildings. The capitol, placed in the cen- tre of a square park of 14 acres wooded with native timber, is built of limestone, and com- mands a fine view. It has recently been en- larged and improved at a cost of about $550,- 000. The length of the N. and S. wings is 228 ft., and of the E. and W. 226 ft. The height from the basement to the top of the dome is about 200 ft. The court house and jail are situa- ted near the S. corner of the park. The univer- sity of Wisconsin, with four buildings, stands on a picturesque eminence a mile W. of the capi- tol, and 125 ft. above the lakes. (See WISCON- SIN.) The soldiers' orphans' home stands on the shore of Lake Monona, about a mile from the park. The building of the state hospital for the insane, 569 ft. long, on the K shore of Lake Mendota, 4 m. K of the capitol, is surround- ed by grounds containing 393 acres, partly wood and farming land, and partly laid out and adorned. There is a United States court-house and post-office building, which cost about $400,- 000. Madison has railroad communication with Chicago, Milwaukee, Green Bay, St. Paul,