MANILIUS MANISSA 111 near the centre are rejected, as their fibres are not strong enough to be useful. To separate the fibre, the petioles are thoroughly beaten with wooden clubs, by which much of the ad- hering tissue is loosened ; and the separation is further effected by the use of a coarse hackle, after which the fibres are frequently washed, and when freed of all extraneous matter they are hung upon poles or ropes to dry. The fibres are coarser or finer as they are from the outer or inner petioles, and they are carefully assorted, the coarsest being for cordage and the finer for weaving. As a material for ropes and other cordage its great tenacity and dura- bility make it highly valuable, and large quan- tities are used for this purpose. From the finer fibres the inhabitants of the islands weave tissues of great delicacy; the fibres are not spun, but used in their natural state; those of a proper size being selected, the single fibres, which are about 15 ft. long, are tied to- gether at their ends, and wound into a ball, soaked in hot water, and dried, when they are ready for weaving. Tissues woven from the abaca fibre are almost transparent, somewhat rigid, light, and cool to the touch ; muslins, veils, napkins, &c., are made from it, and it is even woven into shirts and other articles of 1 apparel ; the material readily takes dyes of all colors. Large quantities of paper are made in whole or in part from manila, usually in the form of worn-out rope; it possesses great toughness in proportion to its weight. MAMLIIS, Marcos, a Latin poet, of unknown date and history. Bentley supposed that he was an Asiatic, and Huet that he was a Car- thaginian, and there are indications in his only known poem, the Astronomica, that it was written under Augustus. The first manuscript was discovered by Poggio in 1416, and was printed at Nuremberg in 1472 or 1473. Other MSS. were afterward found, from which later editions were prepared. There is an English metrical translation by Creech (London, 1697). MAMN, Daniele, an Italian statesman, born in Venice, May 13, 1804, died in Paris, Sept. 22, 1857. He studied law at the university of Pa- dua, and commenced practice about 1830. He early became a champion of the national party, though aiming to combat Austria with legal weapons. After the accession of Pius IX. Manin and Tommaseo became the leaders of | the reform movement in Venice (1847). Ma- ! nin asked for a separate government of Venice !| and Lombardy, a revision of the codes, an an- | nual budget, and freedom of religion and of
the press. Upon Radetzky's bloody suppres-
sion of a riot in Milan (Jan. 9, 1848), his and i his colleague's protests (Jan. 18) resulted only in the imprisonment of the two patriots. The revolution which soon followed forced the Austrian commander, Count Zichy, to surren- der, March 22 ; the republic of Venice or St. Mark was proclaimed, March 23, and Manin and Tommaseo were placed at the head of affairs. The Venetians prepared to form an 529 VOL. XL 8 independent republic in confederation with the other Italian states; but the Venetian assem- bly, convened June 3, agreed to the fusion with Sardinia and Lombardy so as to form a united kingdom of northern Italy under Charles Albert. Manin resigned ; but after the king's defeat at Custozza (July 25), the Venetians pre- pared for a separate defence. The republican banner of St. Mark was again hoisted, Aug. 11, and a triumvirate was appointed to carry on a dictatorial government on the 13th, Manin be- ing its head. After the defeat of Charles Al- bert's army at Novara, March 23, 1849, the Austrians concentrated their efforts upon the subjugation of Venice, while the French un- dertook the reduction of Rome. Fort Mala- ghera, one of the forts outside of Venice, fell into the hands of the Austrians, May 26, and Rome was occupied by the French at the be- ginning of July. Venice, however, continued its resistance under the military lead of Gen. Pepe, and Manin only capitulated (Aug. 23) upon terms of amnesty to all except 40 con- spicuous leaders, including himself, who were compelled to withdraw before the entrance of Radetzky. He spent the rest of his life in ex- ile in Paris, supporting himself by giving les- sons in Italian, and occasionally writing for the newspapers of Paris, London, and Turin. After the liberation of Venice his remains were brought from Paris at national expense, and buried with great solemnity (March 22, 1868). An edition of some of his writings was published under the title Documents et Eis authentiques laisses par Daniel Manin is, I860). See also Daniel Manin, by H. in (Paris, 1859), and Errera, La vita ed i tempi di Daniele Manin (Venice, 1872). MANIOC, or Mandioca. See CASSAVA. MAJVIS, an edentate animal of Asia and Af- rica. See PANGOLIN. MA MSS A, or Manisa (anc. Magnesia ad Sipy- lum), a city of Asia Minor, in the vilayet of Aidin, on the S. bank of the Hermus, and on the N. slope of Mt. Sipylus, about 20 m. N. E. of the city of Smyrna; pop. estimated from 30,000 to 60,000, chiefly Turks, with nearly 4,000 Greeks and a number of Armenians and Jews. There are numerous masques, four Ro- man Catholic and several Greek and Armenian churches, and four synagogues. . Among the public buildings are those for the Turkish lieutenant governor and for the Greek bishop, a splendid khan, a district lunatic asylum, the Ottoman bank, the railway station, and the new bazaar. The finest palace is occupied by the Karaosmanglu family, the former princes of Caramania, once omnipotent here, and still large landed proprietors. The principal export is cotton, which has been produced in consid- erable quantities since the civil war in the United States ; and the Smyrna railway, opened in 1865, of which Manissa is the last station before reaching Kassaba, has rendered the cot- ton trade still more active in the two localities.. (See MAGNESIA.)
