122 MANSEL Minims in the place Royale, which he con- sidered his finest work, and the church of Val-
- -e. IK- was fickle and unstable, often
ding down half -completed work, and re- dinu r <>n now plans at enormous cost. He is said to be the inventor of the curb roof which bears his name, and which within a few years has become very common in the United States. II. Jutes Hardouln, a French architect, nephew and pupil of the preceding, whose name he adopted, and son of Jules Hardouin, the painter, born in Paris in 1645, died at Mar- ly in 1708. One of his first works was the chateau of Clagny, built for Mme. de Montes- pan, and since destroyed. Louis XIV. ap- pointed him his architect, and the palace of Versailles, where Levau had begun alterations and additions, was built from Mansart's de- _signs, which were largely directed by the vi- cious taste of his sovereign. Among his works, besides Versailles, are the places Vendome, Louis XIV., and des Victoires, the gallery of the Palais Royal, and the dome and completion of the h6tel des Invalides, begun by Liberal Bruant. He was general superintendent of the royal buildings, arts, and manufactures, and acquired an immense fortune. imsEL, Henry Longneville, an English author, born at Cosgrove, Northamptonshire, Oct. 6, 1820, died there, July 30, 1871. He was edu- cated at Oxford, became a fellow of St. John's college in 1842, was ordained priest in 1845, be- came Waynflete professor of moral and meta- physical philosophy in 1859, and was appointed dean of St. Paul's, London, in 1868. His first publication was a small volume entitled "De- mons of the Wind, and other Poems" (1838). In 1851 he produced his Prolegomena Logica, iv philosophical introduction to logic, and pre- pared an edition of Aldrich's Artis Logicce Rudimenta (5th ed., 1860). In 1856 he deliv- ered at Oxford a " Lecture on the Philosophy of Kant," which was printed, and designed by its brevity to attract readers who would be de- terred by a more elaborate exposition. His most important work is the Bampton lectures delivered before the university of Oxford in aid published under the title of "The Limits of Religious Thought" (5th ed., 1868). Mr. Mansel was one of the editors of the aca- demi.al lectures of Sir William Hamilton (1859 'till, and the author of the article on " Metaphysics " in the 8th edition of the " En- cyclopaedia Britannica," which was reproduced - p.irately in i860 under the title "Metaphys- ics, or the Philosophy of Consciousness" (2d ed., 1866). He also published "The Limits if Demonstrative Science Considered," an in- nuirurul K-ctuiv entitled " Psychology the Test of Moral and Metaphysical Philosophy," and Philosophy of the Conditioned" (1866). A series of his Ic-rtures on "The Gnostic Heresies of the KiiM and Second Centuries," with a biographical -ketch, was published in 1874. Ml.WKU). an an.-imt noble- family of Ger- many, taking its name from the castle of MANSFIELD Mansfeld, the original seat of the family, and now in the town and circle of Mansfeld in Prussian Saxony. I. Peter Ernst, count of Mansfeld, born July 20, 1517, died in Luxem- burg, May 22, 1604. The greater part of his life was spent in the service of the emperor Charles V., and of his son Philip II. of Spain, who employed him in various important mili- tary and administrative capacities. He took part in the war against France in 1552, was captured, and remained a prisoner till 1557. Having been appointed governor of Luxem- burg, he maintained that province in tran- quillity at a time when the other provinces of the Netherlands were a prey to civil and re- ligious commotions. In 1592 he succeeded the duke of Parma as governor general of the Netherlands ; but two years afterward he re- tired to Luxemburg, with the title of prince of the empire. II. Ernst, natural son of the pre- ceding, born in 1585, died near Zara, Dalmatia, Nov. 20, 1626. He was educated by his god- father, the archduke Ernest of Austria, and for his military services to the emperor Rudolph II. and Philip III. of Spain was legitimated by the former. But having been denied the dig- nity and estates of his father, which had been promised to him, he embraced Calvinism, and subsequently became one of the most active enemies of the house of Austria, by which he was called the Attila of Christendom. At the commencement of the thirty years' war he joined the elector palatine Frederick, elected by the Protestants king of Bohemia, and ously opposed the imperial forces in that coui try and also on the Rhine, where he ravs the territories of the Catholic princes, and came a terror to his enemies. Though repeat- edly beaten, he came forth so formidable from every defeat, that, when fighting for a despe- rate cause and lying under the ban of the .em- pire, he found himself courted at the same time by the kings of Spain, France, and Eng- land, and the republics of Holland and Venice. In 1625 he succeeded in raising subsidies ii England, and landed in Holland with consic" erable reinforcements, with the design of in- vading the hereditary possessions of the house of Austria. Defeated by Wallenstein at Des- sau in April, 1626, he nevertheless pursued march to Hungary, to effect a junction wit Bethlen, the Protestant prince of Transylvania. But being unable to join his ally, he forme' 1 the design of reaching England by the way Venice, and died on the march. MANSFIELD, a town of Tolland co., Connv,- ticut, on the New London Northern railroad, 25 m. E. of Hartford; pop. in 1870, 2,401. It is bounded W. by the Willimantic river, and is intersected by the Natchaug and its branch* Mansfield is chiefly noted for the manufactui of silk goods, containing eight establishment There are also a manufactory of cotton one of spool thread, and one of machinery, was formerly noted for the growing of raw silk, which was introduced nearly 100 years ago ; '
