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162 MARICOPAS are wheat, barley, and Indian corn. The val- ley of the Gila also contains large tracts of lain! suited to agriculture, and the table lands and mountains adjacent furnish good pasture throughout the year. The E. portion is gen- erally broken and mountainous, but is watered by a number of streams, and contains much timber. Gold, silver, copper, and lead exist in most of the mountain ranges. The Apaches have held possession of the greater portion of the county. Capital, Pho?nix. M mil ol vs. See COCO-MARIOOPAS. MARIE, Charles Franfois Maxlmilien, a French mathematician, born in Paris, Jan. 1, 1819. He left the military school of Metz in 1841, and has since devoted himself to researches in the most abstruse parts of mathematical science. Hi- methods were for a long time the subject of ridicule, notwithstanding they had been approved by M. Lam6 and M. Poncelet. In 1858 M. Leonville gave him the use of the columns of his mathematical journal to explain his discoveries; and in 1863, after violent op- position, he was appointed an examiner in the polytechnic school. He has published Lepons cTarithmetique (Paris, 1860), and Lefons d'alge- Ire (1860), treating the theory of the quantities called imaginary, and Questions sociales (1869). MARIE AMELIE, queen of the French, born at Caserta, near Naples, April 26, 1782, died at Claremont, near Windsor, England, March 24, 1866. Her father was Ferdinand I., king of the Two Sicilies, and her mother Carolina Maria, archduchess of Austria. Her brother succeeded to the throne of Naples, and her four sisters were respectively empress of Aus- tria, grand duchess of Tuscany, queen of Sar- dinia, and queen of Spain. In 1798, when Naples was invaded by the French, she retired with her mother to Palermo. In June, 1800, she went to Vienna, and returned in 1802 to Naples, but renewed political outbreaks forced the royal family to return to Palermo. There she became acquainted in 1808 with Louis Philippe, whose wife she became, Nov. 25, 1809. She continued to reside at Palermo till the restoration called her husband to Paris in September, 1814. The events of the hun- dred days soon compelled her and her family to take refuge in England. She returned to France in 1817, and from that time to 1830 re- sided at Neuilly. Her legitimist tendencies led her to view with regret the revolution of 1830, and she manifested a repugnance, based on scruples, to Louis Philippe's acceptance of the crown. After his accession Marie Amelie de- voted herself exclusively to domestic life, and was remarkable for her charities, accomplish- in, -nts and piety. In 1848 she implored Louis Philippe not t<> abdicate; but when further MCO was useless she accompanied him to Evreux, where for safety she separated from him. rejoined him at Iloiifleur, and accompa- nied him to Claremont, where she took the title of countess of Xeuilly. See Vie de Marie- Ame- H> . r, 'tncdes Franca is, by Trognon (Paris, 1871). MARIE ANTOINETTE MARIE ANTOINETTE, Josephe Jeanne de Lor- raine, queen of France, born in Vienna, Nov. 2, 1755, executed in Paris, Oct. 16, 1793. She was the youngest daughter of the emperor Francis I. (who died in 1765) and Maria Theresa. Her marriage with the French dauphin, the future Louis XVI., was early determined upon by her mother, with a view of strengthening Austria against Prussia. The princess was brought up in the unconventional manner of the imperial family circle ; but while taught to be natural and unaffected, her attainments were not above the superficiality of merely fashionable accom- plishments. French actors taught her elocu- tion ; a Frenchman instructed her in dancing ; and though Maria Theresa inculcated in her mind solid moral principles, she regarded the rather frivolous character of her education as necessary to qualify her for the French throne. The abbe" de Vermond, a worthless person, was brought in 1769 from Paris as her tutor, and afterward became her reader. She went to France in her 15th year, and was enthusiasti- cally received all along the journey, and espe- cially at Strasburg by the prince de Rohan, then coadjutor of his uncle the cardinal, who afterward, as ambassador in Vienna, shocked Maria Theresa by his levity and dissipations, and who subsequently, while cardinal and roy- al chaplain, implicated Marie Antoinette in the affair of the diamond necklace. Her marriage with the dauphin was celebrated at Versailles, May 16, 1770, and was followed by sumptuous festivities, marred however by a number of cas- ualties, involving the loss of several lives, which were regarded by the superstitious as ominous. The powerful anti- Austrian party at the court, and the daughters of Louis XV., as well as Mme. du Barry, the king's mistress, were un- friendly to the new dauphiness, though the old king himself was pleased with her vivaci- ty. But this peculiar trait of her character, and her dislike of the restraints of court life, alienated from her the rigid upholders of eti- quette among the nobility, while no greater con- trast could be imagined than that between the joyous and impulsive young princess, fond of pleasure, excitement, and society, and her grave, sedate, and ungainly, though good-na- tured and upright husband, who delighted chiefly in mechanical pursuits, and in a life of good fare, seclusion, and meditation. She was consequently left to drift along in a so* cial set including many persons of inferior moral culture, who encouraged her in indis- cretions which were misconstrued and injured the popularity which her youth and fascina- ting manners had at first gained for her. Af- ter her husband's accession to the throne (May 10, 1774), her charities enlisted popular sympathy for a time, but her wayward con- duct, which occasionally wore a coloring of positive impropriety, was grossly exaggerated by her detractors. Yet, though her admirers were numerous, she gave no cause of com- plaint to her husband, with whom she lived