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210 MARTIN 1802, was rendered directly from the French into English type in the composing stick. He collected materials for a history of North Carolina, which was published chiefly in the form of annals (2 vols. 8vo, New Orleans, 1829). He also prepared a series of reports of the decisions of the higher courts of the state, now the oldest volumes of that charac- ter received as authority in the courts of North Carolina. After 20 years' practice in North Carolina he was appointed one of the judges of the territory of Mississippi, which post he filled for a year, when he was transferred to the bench of the territory of Orleans. Here he acquired the title of father of the jurispru- dence of Louisiana, by his incessant and well directed labors in reconciling the discordant elements of law introduced by preceding juris- dictions. In February, 1813, soon after the formation of the state of Louisiana, he was appointed its attorney general; and in Janu- ary, 1815, he was advanced to the bench of the supreme court, of which he remained a justice 32 years. He was partially and for ten years almost entirely blind, but discharged his duties regularly. He published reports of the superior court of Orleans from 1809 to 1813 (2 vols.), and of the supreme court of Louisi- ana from 1813 to 1830 (18 vols.), besides a di- gest of the territorial and state laws in French and English (2 vols.), prepared under a reso- lution of the legislature. He also published a history of Louisiana, from its settlement to the treaty of Ghent in 1814 (2 vols., 1827). He received the degree of LL. D. from Har- vard college and Nashville university. MARTIN, John, an English painter, born at Hay don Bridge, Northumberland, July 19, 1789, died in Douglas, Isle of. Man, Feb. 9, 1854. He was apprenticed to a coach maker to learn heraldic painting, and subsequently to an Italian artist named Musso, whom he ac- companied in 1806 to London. He supported himself for several years by painting on china and glass, and teaching. Tn 1812 he produced, after a month's labor, "Sadak in Search of the Waters of Oblivion," which was exhibited in the royal academy and sold for 50 guineas. It was followed by the " Expulsion from Para- dise" (1813), "Clitie" (1814), and "Joshua commanding the Sun to stand still" (1815). The last received the prize of the year at the British institution. In the following years he produced the "Fall of Babylon" (1819) "Macbeth" (1820), " Belshazzar's Feast" (1821), which obtained the premium of 200 from the British institution, "The Destruc- tion of Herculaneum" (1822), "The Seventh Plague" (1823), "The Creation " (1824), "The Deluge" (1826), and "The Fall of Nineveh" (1828). Mezzotint engravings of these works, executed by the artist and disseminated by many thousands, added to their reputation, and have still a considerable degree of popu- larity. Martin subsequently for several years devoted himself to designing and engraving a set of illustrations for Milton, for which he received 2,000 guineas, and to projects for improving the city of London. About 1838 he resumed his pencil, and worked industri- ously until a few weeks before his death. His last productions, three large pictures, intended to be his masterpieces, and entitled " The Last Judgment," "The Day of Wrath," and u The Plains of Heaven," were, though left unfin- ished, exhibited in the United States in 1856. MARTIN, Louis Aime. See AIM-MARTIN. MARTIN, Lather, an American lawyer, born in New Brunswick, N. J., in 1744, died in New York, July 10, 1826. He graduated at the college of New Jersey in 1762, and till 1770 taught school at Queenstown, Md. In 1771 he was admitted to the bar in Accomac county, Va., and soon afterward removed to Baltimore. In 1774 he was a member of the convention at Annapolis to oppose the claims of Great Britain, and he published an "Ad- dress to the Inhabitants of the Peninsula be- tween the Delaware River and the Chesapeake," urging resistance to British usurpation. In 1778 he was appointed attorney general of Maryland; in 1784-'5 was a delegate to the continental congress; and in 1787 a member of the convention which framed the federal constitution, the adoption of which he op- posed, mainly on the ground that it did not sufficiently recognize the equality of the states by giving to each the same number of repre- sentatives. On his return he delivered before the Maryland assembly an elaborate address, afterward published under the title, " Genuine Information delivered to the Legislature of the State of Maryland relative to the Proceed- ings of the General Convention lately held in Philadelphia" (Philadelphia, 1788). In 1805 he defended Samuel Chase, an associate justice of the United States supreme court, who was impeached by the house of representatives for malfeasance, and was fully acquitted. In 1807 he was engaged with John Wickham, William Wirt, and John Randolph in the successful de- fence of Aaron Burr. In 1813 he was ap- pointed chief judge of the court of oyer and terminer for Baltimore, and in 1818 he again became attorney general of Maryland and dis- trict attorney of Baltimore. In 1820 he was struck with paralysis, and two years afterward, with broken health and ruined fortune, he re- moved to New York to find refuge with Aaron Burr. He was a violent politician, and pub- lished essays against Jefferson and his party. MARTIN, Saint, bishop of Tours, born at Sa- baria in Pannonia about 316, died at Cande in Touraine about 400. He. was educated for the military profession, and entered the army of Constantine the Great at 15. At 18 he was sent into Gaul and stationed at Amiens. He left the army in 338, and became the disciple of St. Hilary of Poitiers, who instructed him and ordained him priest. After living as a monk at Milan and in the little island of Gallinaria near Genoa, he rejoined St. Hilary at Poitiers