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220 MARYLAND of Salisbury, effected a complete reconcili- ation between tbe prince and princess, the latter pledging herself to surrender all power to her husband, should circumstances ever place her on the British throne. When Wil- liam found himself compelled to take the lead- ership of that comprehensive opposition party which was formed in England against James II., in 1687-'8, he was strenuously supported by Mary against her father. The latter had never since her marriage treated her well, had used some of her friends harshly and illegally, and had conspired to take from her the crown of Ireland ; and she shared in the common be- lief that the prince of Wales, born in 1688, was a supposititious child, who had been introduced into the royal family to prevent her from ever enjoying her inheritance. She acquiesced in the plan for the invasion of England in 1688; and when the earl of Danby sought to obtain the throne for her on the ground that there had been a demise of the crown, and that she was the next heir, she wrote him an earnest repri- mand, declaring that she was the prince's wife, that she had no other wish than to be his sub- ject, that the most cruel injury that could be done to her would be to set her up as his com- petitor, and that she never could regard any person who took such a course as her true friend. Could William have had his way, he would have reigned alone, and Mary would have been only queen consort ; but the opposition to this plan was so great that it was never pressed. The convention parliament declared William and Mary king and queen of England. Mary ar- rived in England on Feb. 12, 1689, and on the 13th she and her husband accepted the crown. William had requested her to assume a cheerful air, in order to set aside the report that she thought she was wronged ; and she so far over- did her part that her levity gave general of- fence and occasioned many lampoons. The coronation took place 'April 11, 1689, when Mary was inaugurated like a king. During the absence of her husband, when in Ireland or on the continent, Mary was placed at the head of the government, and in that position showed tact and firmness under very trying circumstances. In 1692, after the naval vic- tory of La Hogue, she declared that Green- wich palace, then in course of construction, should bo converted into a retreat for those seamen who should be disabled in their coun- try's service ; and the vow thus made was kept. Toward the end of 1694 she was attacked by smallpox, of which she soon died, to the great irri* f of her husband, to whom her decease was a political as well as personal loss, as her par- t ici|;ition in his government gave to it a certain show of hereditary right. The attacks of the Jacobites on her unfilial conduct continued even after her death. She was buried with great pomp in ll.-nry VII.'s chapel in Westminster abbey. MAIULIM), one of the original states of the Anu-rioan Union, situated between lat. 37 53' and 39 44' N., and Ion. 75 4' and 79 33' W., having an extreme length E. and W. of 196 m., and a breadth varying from less than 10 m. in the W. part to about 120 m. ; area (not including Chesapeake bay, which com- prises 2,835 sq. m.), 11,124 sq. m. It is bounded N. by Pennsylvania, on a parallel known as "Mason and Dixon's line," E. by Delaware and the Atlantic ocean, and W. by West Virginia. The remaining boundary is irregular. E. of Chesapeake bay it is bounded 8. by Virginia, on a line E. from the mouth of the Pocomoke river to the Atlantic; W. of that bay it borders S. W. on Virginia and the District of Columbia, and S. on West Virginia, the boundary line (except where interrupted by the District of Columbia) following the Po- tomac river to the head of its North branch. State Seal of Maryland. The state is divided into 23 counties, viz. : Al- legany, Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Calvert, Caroline, Carroll, Cecil, Charles, Dorchester, Frederick, Garrett, Harford, Howard, Kent, Montgomery, Prince George's, Queen Anne, St. Mary's, Somerset, Talbot, Washington, Wicomico, and Worcester. There are five cities, viz. : Baltimore (pop. in 1870, 267,354), the chief commercial and manufacturing mart ; Frederick (8,526) ; Cumberland (8,056), the de- pot of the mining region in the W. part of the state ; Hagerstown (5,779) ; and Annapolis (5,744), the capital. Cambridge, Chesapeake City, Chestertown, Easton, Elkton, Ellicott City, Havre de Grace, Laurel, Newtown, Port Deposit, St. Michael's, Salisbury, Sharpsburg, Westminster, and Williamsport are towns hav- ing each more than 1,000 inhabitants. The population of Maryland in 1660, according to McSherry ("History of Maryland," Baltimore, 1849), was 12,000; in 1665, 15,000; in 1671, 20,000; in 1701, 25,000; in 1715, 30,000; in 1748, 130,000 (36,000 slaves); in 1756, 154,- 188 (46,225 slaves); in 1761, 164,007 (49,675 blacks, mostly slaves); in 1775, 200,000; in 1782, 254,050, of whom 83,362 were slaves. According to the federal census returns, it has been as follows :