Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XI.djvu/235

MARYLAND 223 produce bilious fevers and fever and ague. The mean annual temperature in the middle portion of the state is 56; in the north, 54; and in the highest parts in the west, 50. Kain is abundant, the largest annual fall (50 inches) occurring on the W. shore of Chesa- peake bay. The mean temperature at Balti- more for each month of the year ending Sept. 30, 1873, was as follows: October, 58'3; November, 43'6 ; December, 32'2 ; January, 34; February, 35'5; March, 40-3; April, 51-9; May, 62'3; June, 73-9; July, 79'4; August, 76-3 ; September, 68; year, 54'64. The minimum was 2 (in February) ; the maxi- mum, 96'5 (in July). The total rainfall was: October, 4'08 inches; November, 3'17 ; De- cember, 2-72 ; January, 4*27 ; February, 4'74 ; March, 3'02; April, 2'77; May, 6*31; June, 0-94; July, 2'90; August, 9'49; September, 3-70 ; year, 48-11. The number of deaths in 1870 was 9,740, of which 3,978 were from general diseases, 1,161 from diseases of the nervous, 339 of the circulatory, 1,342 of the respiratory, and 1,499 of the digestive sys- tem, and the rest from miscellaneous causes. Among deaths from special diseases were : consumption, 1,678; pneumonia, 742; cholera infantum, 604 ; enteric fever, 434 ; scarlet fever, 331 ; whooping cough, 281 ; croup, 272 ; encephalitis, 249 ; convulsions, 239 ; paralysis, 231; diphtheria, 218; dropsy, 186; measles, 177; dysentery ^ 167; diarrhoea, 157; teething, 143 ; and hydrocephalus, 112. The soil of the eastern shore is not naturally rich, but by the aid of manure it may be made to yield abun- dant crops. On the other side of the bay a tract closely resembling this lies along the shore. It has been much improved by the use of marl, bone dust, and guano, and forms the chief tobacco-growing region of the state. Some of the valleys of the interior and north- ern counties are extremely fertile. The com- monest forest trees are the oak, hickory, chestnut, pine, locust, walnut, cedar, gum, and beach. Tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn are the staple cultivated crops. In 1870 Mary- land was fifth among the states in the produc- tion of tobacco. Oats, rye, Irish and sweet potatoes, hay, milk, butter, wool, &c., are also produced. Peaches, strawberries, &c., are ex- tensively cultivated in the E. part of the state. The number of farms in 1870 was 27,000, of which 1,314 contained less than 10 acres each, 1,764 from 10 to 20, 4,825 from 20 to 50, 7,026 from 50 to 100, 11,894 from 100 to 500, 163 from 500 to 1,000, and 14 1,000 acres and over. The number of acres of improved farm land was 2,914,007; cash value of farms, $170,- 369,684 ; of farming implements and machine- ry, $5,268,676; amount of wages paid during the year, including value of board, $8,560,- 367 ; estimated value of all farm productions, including betterments and additions to stock, $35,343,927; value of orchard products, $1,319,- 405; of produce of market gardens, $1,039,- 782; of forest products, $613,209; of home 536 VOL. XL 15 manufactures, $63,608 ; of animals slaughter- ed or sold for slaughter, $4,621,418; of live stock, $18,433,698. The productions were 1,095 bushels of spring and 5,773,408 of winter wheat, 307, 089 of rye, 11, 701, 8l7of Indian corn, 3,221,- 643 of oats, 11,315 of barley, 77,867 of buck- wheat, 57,556 of peas and beans, 1,632,205 of Irish potatoes, 218,706 of sweet potatoes, 35,- 040 of clover seed, 2,609 of grass seed, 1,641 of flax seed, 15,785,339 Ibs. of tobacco, 435,- 213 of wool, 5,014,729 of butter, 6,732 of cheese, 2,800 of hops, 30,760 of flax, 70,464 of maple sugar, 3,439 of wax, 118,938 of honey, 11,583 gallons of wine, 1,520,101 of milk sold, 28,563 of sorghum molasses, 374 of maple mo- lasses, and 223,119 tons of hay. The live stock consisted of 89,696 horses, 9,830 mules and asses, 94,794 milch cows, 22,491 working oxen, 98,074 other cattle, 129,697 sheep, and 257,- 893 swine. There were also 12,520 horses and 16,040 cattle not on farms. The number of manufacturing establishments was 5,812, hav- ing 531 steam engines of 13,961 horse power, and 937 water wheels of 18,461 horse power; number of hands employed, 44,860, of whom 34,061 were males above 16, 8,278 females above 15, and 2,521 youth ; amount of capital invested, $36,438,729; wages paid, $12,682,- 817; value of materials used, $46,897,032; of products, $76,593,613. The following table exhibits the number of establishments, with the capital and value of products, of the prin- cipal branches : INDUSTRIES. No. of establiah- ments. Capital. Vclue of products. Agricultural implements Baps, paper and other than pa- 34 3 $281,300 100 000 $549,085 588 275 Boots and shoes Bread and bakery products . . Brick 812 . 159 73 767.105 874,195 1 063 800 8,111,076 1.220,399 1 191 545 Carriages and wagons Clothing 131 823 297,650 2.284.825 667.157 5,970,713 Coal oil. rectified 8 2 198,000 249 585 647.389 783 431 88 290454 873 782 Copper, milled and smelted. . . Cotton goods 1 22 800.000 2,734,250 1,016,500 4. 52,808 15 438800 62 352 Flouring and gristmill products Fruits and vegetables, canned. 518 19 181 2,790,700 603,800 845 945 6.786.459 1,587.280 1 888 698 Gas 5 1,820,000 1,027,165 Glass Iron, forged, rolled, <fcc 4 13 14 145,700 1,015,500 2 005 000 246,400 8,654,212 2 148 089 " cast 43 784,135 928,094 69 792,430 1,265,888 " curried " morocco, tanned and 50 4 288,145 64,000 628,808 163,000 Lime 24 106.150 234,1 f 9 Liquors, distilled 8 32 220,700 583.500 889,261 665,743 11 241,800 474.8f7 Machinery, Hot specified " steam engines and boilers... 8P1 22 1,055,600 872,700 485.000 l.f.01.47! 581,811 378,475 Molasses and sugar, refined Musical instruments and ma- 4 9 955,000 594.000 7,007,857 674,600 Oil vegetable 2 145,000 478.125 Oysters and fish, canned Paints.... 13 5 553.300 440,000 1,418.200 1,027,500