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MARYLAND 229 in 1872 the legislature provided for furnish- ing board to two of the incumbents from each district, who after receiving the advantages of the college for four years are required to teach school within the state for not less than two years. Several state scholarships have also been established in the Frederick, Washington, and Western Maryland colleges. The collegi- ate department of the agricultural college em- braces a four years' course of arts, including agriculture and ordinary scientific and English studies, with classics and modern languages, and a three years' course of science, which is the same as the preceding, with the omission of classics. Provision is also made for such as desire to remain but one year in the institu- tion. The college received the proceeds ($110,- 000) of the 210,000 acres of land granted to the state by congress for the establishment of a college of agriculture and the mechanic arts. A farm of 300 acres is connected with it. Tu- ition is free ; and in accordance with an act of the legislature 12 students from each congres- sional district receive the use of text books free. The medical department of Washington university was established in Baltimore in 1833 ; a hospital and free dispensary are con- nected with it ; in 1874 it had 11 professors and 313 alumni; the number of students in 1872-'3 was 192. The medical department of the university of Maryland in Baltimore was established in 1807; in 1873-'4 it had 12 pro- fessors, 114 students, and a library of 3,500 volumes. The Maryland college of pharmacy in Baltimore was established in 1841, and in 1873-'4 had 4 professors and 54 students; the degree of graduate in pharmacy is conferred after examination upon persons who have attained the age of 21 years, have served an apprenticeship of four years with some repu- table pharmacist, and have attended two courses of lectures in a recognized college of pharmacy, the last course in this institution ; any gradu- ate of good standing, on passing a prescribed examination, is entitled to the degree of mas- ter in pharmacy. The Baltimore college of dental surgery, the oldest dental college in the world, was incorporated in 1840 ; in 1874 it had 9 professors and 578 alumni ; the number graduating that year was 19; the number of students in 1872-'3 was 50. Candidates for graduation are required to prepare a written thesis, to pass an examination upon the sub- jects taught in the college, and to have attend- ed two courses of lectures in the institution ; but an equivalent for one course is allowed. The Maryland dental college was established in Baltimore in 1873, with 13 professors. The United States naval academy is situated at An- napolis. (See ANNAPOLIS.) According to the census of 1870, the number of libraries was 3,353, containing 1,713,483 volumes, of which 2,037, with 1,142,538 volumes, were private. Of those not private, 2, with 31,462 volumes, were state libraries ; 1, with 41,500 volumes, city; 20, with 14,662 volumes, court and law; 72, with 98,470 volumes, school, college, &c. ; 881, with 215,763 volumes, Sabbath school; and 310, with 90,989 volumes, church. There were 88 newspapers and periodicals, issuing 33,497,778 copies annually, and having a circu- lation of 235,450, viz.: 8 daily, circulation 82,921; 1 tri-weekly, 5,015; 2 semi-weekly, 1,600; 69 weekly, 127,314; and 8 monthly, 18,600. They were classified as follows: agri- cultural and horticultural, 2 ; commercial and financial, 2 ; illustrated, literary, and miscella- neous, 7 ; political, 70 ; religious, 6 ; technical and professional, 1. The number of church organizations was 1,420, with edifices, sittings, and property as shown in the following table : DENOMINATIONS. Edifices. Sitting!. Value of property. Baptists, regular 58 12,025 $87 100 " other . 84 8705 62500 Christian 5 1,850 28000 Episcopal Evangelical Association Friends- 165 3 21 61,480 1,000 7440 1,594.800 45,500 151 700 Jewish 4 2750 650000 Lutheran Methodist 84 757 40,915 231,580 875,100 8,220,050 Moravian. 1 500 4500 New Jerusalem Presbyterian 8 77 900 82,415 27,000 1,279,550 Iteformed (late Dutch Ee- formed) ... 1 COO 15000 Reformed (late German Ee- formed) 42 19,980 562,150 Eoman Catholic 103 62280 8 001 400 Unitarian 1 800 150000 United Brethren in Christ... Universalist 84 2 12,100 1 000 233.500 82500 Union. 4 1 500 17 700 Total 1389 499 770 $12 038 650 The first settlement in Maryland was made by Capt. William Clayborne with a party of men from Virginia on Kent island, Chesapeake bay, in 1631. But the charter under which the colony was permanently established was granted to Cecilius Calvert, second Lord Balti- more, by Charles I., and was dated June 20, 1632. The province covered by this grant had been partially explored by Sir George Calvert, father of the grantee, four years before. The name first intended for the colony was Cres- centia, but in the charter it was styled Terra Maria, "Mary's Land," in honor of Queen Henrietta Maria. The expedition designed to commence the settlement sailed from the Isle of Wight Nov. 22, 1633, in two vessels named the Ark and the Dove. The emigrants num- bered 200, and were nearly all Roman Catho- lics and gentlemen of fortune and respectabil- ity. On March 27, 1634, they commenced a settlement at St. Mary's, near the entrance of the Potomac into Chesapeake bay, within the present limits of St. Mary's co. Leonard Cal- vert, brother of the lord proprietary, who had conducted the colony from England, became its first governor. A year or two after land- ing he turned his attention toward Clayborne's settlement ; but Clayborne refused to acknowl- edge himself subject to the new government, and was at length expelled along with his