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462 METZ tentiaries in the United States. On his return to France, M. Demetz, in connection with the viscount Bretignieres de Courteilles, estab- lished in 1839 the colony of Mettray, the vis- count offering a portion of his own estate for the experiment. In July they assembled 23 young men and began training them for teachers for the young offenders who were to be brought there. In January, 1840, they admitted 12 young criminals, and gradually increased the number, till in August, 1872, 792 were under training ; and from the foundation to that date 4,287 had been received. The boys are divided into families of 50 ; the labor is chiefly agricultural, though various trades are carried on ; and the establishment is almost wholly self-supplied, though not entirely self- supporting. After the death of Courteilles (1854) the superintendence of the establish- ment devolved on Demetz. Demetz published Projet d'etablissement d'une maison de refuge pour les prevenus acquittes d leur sortie de prison (Paris, 1836) ;. Lettresur lesystemepeni- tentiaire (1838); Rapport sur les penitenciers des fitats-Unis (1839) ; Resume sur le systeme penitentiaire (1847) ; Rapport sur les colonies agricoles (1856) ; and an interesting series of annual reports to the societe paternelle on the condition of the colony of Mettray. METZ, a fortified city of the German Reichs- land of Alsace-Lorraine, at the confluence of the Settle and Moselle, 80 m. W. N. W. of Strasburg; pop. in 1871, 51,388, which has been much diminished by French emigration since the cession to Germany. The city ia surrounded by a regular system of fortifica- tions, and entered by nine gates with draw- bridges. The most important works were Metz. commenced by Vauban and Belle-Isle and com- pleted by Cormontaigne ; and since the Ger- man occupation the fortifications have been improved and extended. The esplanade in the centre of the city is a beautiful promenade ; the quarter on the right side of the Moselle con- tains many steep and narrow streets. Among the principal public buildings are the arsenal, the cathedral, the churches of Notre Dame de la Ronde and of the abbey of St. Vincent, both of great antiquity, the military hospital, the hall of justice, and the public library. Besides many Roman Catholic churches and convents, it contains a Calvinist church and several syn- atrogues. It has manufactories of woollen goods, hosiery, plush, embroidery, beer, tiles, and nails. Its manufacture of silk plush for hats is very extensive. Metz was known to the Romans under the name of Divodurum, changed subsequently to that of Mediomatrici, having been the capital of that tribe of Bel- gic Gaul ; in the 5th century it was called Mettis or Metis. It became celebrated as the capital of Austrasia, which was afterward called the kingdom of Metz, and which in the middle of the 9th century assumed the name of Lorraine. Early in the 10th century Metz fell into the power of Henry the Fowler of Germany, and subsequently became a free im- perial city, famous for its commerce, its bril- liant society, and its love of letters and art. As the seat of one of the three bishoprics of Lorraine, it witnessed many commotions caused by the rivalries of the citizens and clergy. In 1552 it was occupied by Henry II. of France, besieged several months by Charles V., and suc- cessfully defended by the duke of Guise. It was annexed to France by the treaty of West- phalia (1648). At the beginning of the war of 1870 the third corps of the French army was