Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XI.djvu/523

tThe state agricultural college was established jy the act of Feb. 12, 1855, and was opened for the reception of students in May, 1857. Subsequently the land (240,000 acres) received by the state for the endowment of a college of agriculture and the mechanic arts, under the act of congress of July 2, 1862, was bestowed upon this institution ; 64,598 acres have been sold, producing a fund of $207,500 74, the in- terest of which is applied to the support of the college. An annual appropriation is also made by the legislature. Tuition is free to students from the state; those from other states pay $20 a year. The institution has a farm of 676 acres (300 under cultivation), valuable collections of plants, animals, and minerals, a chemical laboratory and appara- tus, philosophical and mathematical apparatus, and a museum of mechanical inventions. The branches of study comprise logic and philoso- phy, elementary, analytical, and agricultural chemistry, chemical physics, meteorology, prac- tical agriculture, botany, horticulture, land- scape gardening, physiology, zoology, entomol- ogy, geology, mathematics, physics, civil engi- neering, and English language and literature, with French in the senior year. The regular course is four years, upon the completion of which the degree of bachelor of science is con- ferred. Candidates for admission are required to be at least 15 years old, and to pass an examination in the common English branches. The students labor three hours a day on the farm or in the garden, for which they receive remuneration. Besides those mentioned in the table, the faculty of instruction in 1872-'3 em- braced seven others, including farmers, gar- deners, steward, &c. The students were divi- ded as follows : resident graduates, 3 ; seniors, 17 ; juniors, 22 ; sophomores, 24 ; freshmen, 52 ; in special courses, 14 ; in chemical manip- ulation, 8 ; ladies, 3. For an account of the state university" see MICHIGAN, UNIVERSITY OF. The other institutions in the table, except the last two, admit both sexes, and have a prepar- atory department, besides a collegiate depart- ment embracing usually a classical and a scien- tific course. Adrian and Olivet colleges have normal courses, and Adrian, Hillsdale, and Hope colleges theological departments. The Detroit medical college, founded in 1868, in 1873-'4 had 17 professors and 72 students. The Detroit homoeopathic college was organ- ized in 1871, and admits both sexes. In 1874 it had 8 professors. The census of 1870 re- turns 26,763 libraries, containing 2,174,744 volumes, of which 23,761, with 1,596,113 vol- umes, were private. Of those not private, there were 1 state, with 31,265 volumes; 423 town, city, &c., 124,207; 49 court and law, 10,359 ; 246 school, college, &c., 37,734 ; 1,731 Sabbath school, 239,471 ; 436 church, 81,891 ; and 116 circulating libraries, 53,704. The number of newspapers and periodicals was 211, issuing 19,686,978 copies annually, and having a circulation of 253,774, viz. : 16 dai- MICHIGAN 505 ly, circulation 27,485; 3 tri-weekly, 5,000- 174 weekly, 192,889; 2 semi-monthly, 1,300; 16 monthly, 27,100. They were classified as follows: advertising, 2; agricultural and hor- ticultural, 1; benevolent and secret societies, 2; commercial and financial, 3; illustrated, literary, and miscellaneous, 17 ; political, 167 ; religious, 7; technical and professional, 12. Five are printed in Dutch and 8 or 10 in Ger- man. The statistics of churches for 1870 are contained in the following table : DENOMINATIONS. Hi Edifices. ! 8 Value of property. Baptist, regular " other 835 81 218 14 70,140 8960 $1,029,680 86800 Christian 83 18 4,625 51 550 Congregational Episcopal 156 100 114 79 88,320 26750 742,200 911 250 Evangelical Association. . . Friends 15 10 11 g 2,850 2 600 24,600 8 850 Jewish . 6 3 1 800 5l'ooO Lutheran 96 81 23150 360650 Methodist 864 469 140 290 2 856 906 Moravian 1 100 800 New Jerusalem 3 3 970 12000 Presbyterian, regular " other Reformed (late Dutch Re- formed) .... 177 10 26 182 10 24 45,925 3,000 8700 1,069',900 54,500 120 150 Reformed (late German Reformed) 19 10 2,800 24750 Roman Catholic Second Advent . . 167 89 148 21 62.991 4840 2,037.230 44500 Spiritualist Unitarian 85 1 5 4 1,190 1 700 15,050 42 500 United Brethren in Christ Universalist Union 69 88 3 19 20 3 4,225 5,550 750 40,800 92,200 6000 Total 2239 1,415 456226 $9183816 The name Michigan appears to be derived from the Chippewa words mitchi, great, and sawgyegan, lake, and was formerly applied to both Huron and Michigan, but is now re- stricted to the latter lake. The discovery and early settlement of the state are due to the French missionaries and fur traders. The site of Detroit was visited as early as 1610, and in 1641 some French Jesuits reached the falls of the St. Mary. The first European settlement within the limits of the state was the mission at Sault Ste. Marie, which was founded by Father Marquette and others in 1668. Fort Michilimackinac (now Mackinaw) was estab- lished three years later. In 1701 an expedition under Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac founded Detroit. From this period until the erection of the country into a territory of the United States, Michigan made slow progress. It came under the dominion of Great Britain with oth- er French possessions in 1763. On the ex- pulsion of the French the conspiracy headed by the Indian chief Pontiac, and designed for the extermination of the whites, broke out and involved the settlements in bloodshed. The garrison of Michilimackinac was butchered, and Detroit underwent a long siege. On the treaty of peace which closed the revolutionary war, Michigan was not at once surrendered,