Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XI.djvu/542

524 MIDDLESBOROUGH MIDDLESEX bury college, under the control of the Congre- gationalists, opened in 1800. It occupies three large buildings, and in 1873-'4 had 8 professors, 52 students, a cabinet of zoology, botany, and mineralogy, and a library of 11,000 volumes. MIDDLESBOROUGH, a town of Yorkshire, England, in the North riding, on the Tees, 3^ m. from its mouth and 29 m. S. S. E. of New- castle-on-Tyne ; pop. in 1871, 39,585. The population of the township in 1821 was only 40 ; in 1831, 154 ; in 1841, 4,500 ; in 1851, 7,431. The rapid increase is attributable to the rise of the coal trade, consequent on the opening of the Stockton and Darlington railway, from the collieries of south Durham. The town was regularly and substantially built by a joint- stock company, as a port for loading colliers. In 1873 it had 31 places of worship. There is also a national school, and an observatory. The number of vessels entering the port in 1871 was 1,278, tonnage 247,927 ; cleared 1,407, tonnage 288,952. There are important manu- factories of sail cloth and rope, an extensive pottery, iron works, and ship yards. MIDDLESEX. I. A N. E. county of Massa- chusetts, bordering on New Hampshire, bound- ed S. E. by the Charles river and drained by the Merrimack, Nashua, and Concord rivers, and other streams ; area, 888 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 274,353. The immense water power sup- plied by a number of streams is largely em- ployed in manufactures. Several railroads in- tersect the county. The chief productions in 1870 were 20,350 bushels of rye, 190,965 of Indian corn, 56,302 of oats, 14,880 of barley, 443,099 of potatoes, 520,136 Ibs. of butter, and 74,678 tons of hay. There were on farms 5,836 horses, 16,887 milch cows, 2,107 working oxen, 7,260 other cattle, 983 sheep, and 8,104 swine. The total number of manufacturing establish- ments was 1,878, employing $43,528,466 cap- ital, and having an annual product of $113,- 147,270. The chief establishments were 7 for bleaching and dyeing, 154 manufactories of boots and shoes, 15 of boot and shoe findings, 2 of carpets, 54 of men's clothing, 20 of cotton goods, 6 of drugs and chemicals, 21 of flouring mill products, 50 of furniture, 5 of glassware, 15 of hardware, 7 of hosiery, 5 of India-rub- ber and elastic goods, 21 of iron in various forms, 70 of leather, 3 of liquors, 48 of lumber, 52 of machinery, 25 of soap and candles, 6 of straw goods, 55 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 1 of watches, 22 of woollen goods, 12 of worsted goods, and 4 cotton and woollen print works. Capitals, Cambridge and Lowell. II. A S. county of Connecticut, bordering on Long Island sound and intersected by the Connec- ticut river, which also forms a part of the E. boundary ; area, about 430 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 35,722. The surface is somewhat uneven, and the soil generally fertile. Several streams fur- nish water power. The New Haven and New London railroad passes through the S. part. The chief productions in 1870 were 5,841 bush- els of wheat, 17,101 of rye, 85,451 of Indian corn, 40,352 of oats, 176,231 of potatoes, 609,- 327 Ibs. of tobacco, 13,644 of wool, 404,620 of butter, 39,882 tons of hay, and 2,035 gallons of sorghum molasses. There were 1,838 horses, 5,031 milch cows, 3,938 working oxen, 5,502 other cattle, 4,735 sheep, and 2,869 swine. In 1870 the county contained 429 manufacturing establishments, employing 4,503 hands, and having a capital of $4,614,630, and an annual product of $7,719,537. The principal manu- factories were 2 of agricultural implements, 10 of bells, 10 of men's clothing, 17 of cotton goods, 2 of edge tools and axes, 28 of hardware, 3 of hooks and eyes, 9 of iron castings, 4 of turned ivory, 2 of musical instruments, 3 of printing paper, 8 of plated ware, 1 of pumps, 2 of sewing machines, 12 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 1 of washing machines, 4 ship yards, 11 flour mills, and 13 saw mills. Capi- tals, Middletown and Haddam. III. A central county of New Jersey, intersected by the Rar- itan river and bounded E. by Raritan bay and Staten Island sound; area, 399 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 45,029. The surface is level toward the S. E. and undulating in the N. and N. E. ; and the soil, which varies from a light sand to a deep clay, is generally fertile. It is intersected by the Camden and Amboy, the New Jersey, and the Freehold and Jamesburg railroads. The chief productions in 1870 were 106,158 bushels of wheat, 15,967 of rye, 423,843 of In- dian corn, 271,332 of oats, 248,830 of Irish and 12,391 of sweet potatoes, 418,434 Ibs. of butter, and 37,160 tons of hay. There were 4,888 horses, 6,135 milch cows, 3,728 other cattle, 3,449 sheep, and 6,453 swine; 32 manufacto- ries of brick, 1 of freight and passenger cars, 1 of drugs and chemicals, 3 of India-rubber and elastic goods, 2 of iron castings, 1 of paper hangings, 3 of sash, doors, and blinds, 2 of stone and earthen ware, 12 flour mills, 4 saw mills, 5 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 4 ship yards, and 1 cork-cutting establishment. Capital, New Brunswick. IV. An E. county of Virginia, bordering on Chesapeake bay, at the mouth of the Rappahannock river, which forms its N. E. boundary, and bounded S. W. by the Pianco- tank river; area, 170 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 4,981, of Avhom 2,522 were colored. The chief pro- ductions in 1870 were 19,650 bushels of wheat, 86,967 of Indian corn, 11,420 of oats, and 13,754 Ibs. of butter. There were 426 horses, 777 milch cows, 1,189 other cattle, 1,277 sheep, and 2,810 swine. Capital, Saluda. MIDDLESEX, a S. W. county of Ontario, Canada, watered by the Thames, Aux Sables, and Sydenham rivers; area, 1,228 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 82,595, of whom 28,464 were of Eng- lish, 26,569 of Irish, 20,354 of Scotch, 2,888 of German, and 1,075 of Dutch origin, and 1,278 were Indians. It is traversed by the Grand Trunk, the Great Western, and the London and Port Stanley railways. Capital, London. MIDDLESEX, a S. E. county of England, bordering on Hertfordshire, Essex, Kent, Sur- rey, and Buckinghamshire ; area, 283 sq. m. ;