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MILFORT modern place, and is engaged chiefly in ship building. It is connected by rail with the South Wales line. MILFORT, Le Clerc, a French adventurer, born in Mezieres about 1750, died there in 1817. He came to America, travelled through the British colonies, and about 1776 visited the Creek na- tion. Here he attached himself to the Creek chieftain, Alexander McGillivray, whose sister he married. He was made a war chief by the Indians, and performed active service against the whigs of Georgia during the American revolution. He remained with the Creeks for 20 years. In 1796. having lost his wife and his friend and brother-in-law McGillivray, he returned to France, and was made a general of brigade by Bonaparte. He married again in France, distinguished himself in 1814 by a gal- lant defence of his own house in Vouziers, whither he had removed from Mezieres, against a party of Russians, and soon afterward re- turned to Mezieres. He published Memoires, ou coup d'ceil rapide sur mes voyages dans la Louisiane, et mon sejour dans la nation creeke (8vo, Paris, 1802). JH1LHAU. See MILLAU. MILITARY FROSTIER (Ger. Militargrenze ; Hung. Hatdror-mdelc a region, and formerly a political division, of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, between lat. 44 and 47 K, and Ion. 14 and 23 E., bounded N. by Carniola, Croatia, Slavonia, and Hungary, E. by Tran- sylvania and Roumania, S. by Servia, Bosnia, and Dalmatia, and W. by the Adriatic; area, about 13,000 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 1,041,123. Its breadth is greatest in the W. part, which is traversed by continuations of the Julian Alps, branches of which are the Great and Little Capella ranges, and by the Dinaric Alps, while the easternmost division is crossed by offshoots of the S. E. Carpathians. The middle parts are mostly level and exceedingly fertile. The highest elevations are Mounts Gugu (7,700 ft. high) and Sarka (7,300 ft.), near the Tran- sylvanian boundary, and Mount Klek or Ogulin Head (Ger. Oguliner Kopf), near Zengg on the Adriatic (6,900 ft.). The principal rivers are the Danube, which traverses the country in a S. E. direction between Peterwardein and Sem- lin, continuing its course E. on the southern frontier as far as Orsova, and receiving the waters of the Theiss, the Bega, and the Temes ; the Save, which separates the Military Frontier from Bosnia and Servia, and falls into the Dan- ube between Semlin and Belgrade in Servia ; and the Kulpa and the Unna, affluents of the Save, flowing respectively on the confines of Croatia and Bosnia. There are some mountain lakes in the W. part. Of mineral waters, the sulphur springs of Mehadia, near the confines of Wal- lachia, are most celebrated, the place being also famous for picturesque scenery. The climate is very mild in the level country, but severe in the mountains. The principal productions are the various kinds of grain, maize, tobacco, flax, hemp, fruits, and wine ; and of minerals, silver, MILITARY SCHOOLS 537 iron, copper, lead, and some gold. The inhab- itants are mostly of Slavic race, Croats, Slavo- nians, Serbs, &c. ; but there are also Wallachs, Magyars, Germans, Greeks, Jews, Clementines (Albanians), and gypsies. The predominant religions are the Greek and the Roman Catho- lic, the former having its centre at Carlovitz on the Danube, the seat of a patriarch or arch- bishop. There are few towns, but some of them, as Peterwardein, Carlovitz, Semlin, Pan- csova, and Old Orsova, all on the Danube, Zengg, Carlopago, and Brod, in the western division, and others, are important on account of their situation. The country was originally formed into a military organization by Ferdinand I. (died in 1564) as a barrier against the Turks, and it was reconstituted in 1807 and again in 1850. Under the military organization almost the entire male population above 20 years old was formed into 14 regiments of infantry, 1 of hussars, and 2 battalions of boatmen. All agricultural estates were the common property of the Frontier communities, the rural build- ings being partly inalienable and partly indi- vidual property. Arms, accoutrements, and ammunition, and all necessaries during military service, were supplied by the government, and in all military respects the frontiersmen were subject to the rules of the Austrian army. Before the reorganization of Austria in 1867 the Military Frontier was a separate crown land of the empire. By that reorganization its reunion with the crown of Hungary was vir- tually established; and at the meeting of the delegations of Cisleithan Austria and Hungary in 1869, it was resolved to abolish gradually the peculiar institutions of the Military Fron- tier, and to incorporate one of the two mili- tary commanderies with Hungary proper, and the other with Croatia. The transformation was nearly completed in 1874. MILITARY LAW. See COURT MARTIAL, and MARTIAL LAW. MILITARY SCHOOLS, institutions in which soldiers are instructed or youths educated for the army. Of the former class, the "soldier schools" of Prussia, established in every regi- ment or battalion, in which the privates are taught the common rudimentary branches, and sometimes singing also, are the most remark- able. There are similar schools in the Austrian, British, and other European armies. Academies of the second class, intended to educate officers, were not unknown in antiquity, and are now an indispensable part of the military system of all great nations. The first military school in France was established by Louis XV. at Vin- cennes in 1751 ; it had 500 pupils, all of whom were young noblemen. Soon after its estab- lishment it was removed to the edifice built for it in the .Champ de Mars, Paris, and it is still the principal military school of France. The fa- mous school of St. Cyr, near Versailles, was ori- ginally founded by Bonaparte at Fontainebleau in 1802, but was a few years later removed to its present location, and still retains the prin-