Soden, and the thermals of Baden-Baden and Wiesbaden, in Germany. Diseases of the skin and scrofula are cured by the muriated saline or brine springs, of which the principal are: Rehme, Nauheim, Salzungen, and Creuznach, in Prussia; Ischl and Hall, in Austria; Reichenhall, in Bavaria; and Bourbonne-les-Bains, Bourbon-Lancy, Bagnolles, St. Honoré, Clermont-Ferrand, St. Laurent-les-Bains, and others, in France. The most celebrated muriated saline springs in the United States are those of Saratoga (49° to 51° F.), Congress water having about the strength of Kissingen Rakoczy, but a milder taste, while the Hathorn spring contains more chloride of sodium. Some of the springs are chalybeate, others sulphurous or iodinous, and all are highly charged with carbonic acid gas. The Saratoga Seltzer resembles the celebrated Seltzer (properly Selters) in Germany; and the Geyser, bored in 1870, is so highly charged with carbonic acid gas that it foams like soda water when drawn from a faucet. The following analysis of one pint each of the water of four of the principal springs at Saratoga is from Dr. Walton:
| CONSTITUENTS. | High Rock. |
Congress. | Hathorn. | Geyser. |
| grains. | grains. | grains. | grains. | |
| Carbonate of soda | 3.024 | 0.934 | 0.372 | 6.175 |
| Carbonate of magnesia | 4.069 | 9.019 | 13.072 | 10.322 |
| Carbonate of iron | 0.135 | 0.031 | 0.101 | 0.089 |
| Carbonate of lime | 11.443 | 12.449 | 14.815 | 14.793 |
| Carbonate of lithia | 0.154 | 0.374 | ...... | 0.549 |
| Carbonate of strontia | trace. | trace. | trace. | 0.041 |
| Carbonate of baryta | 0.050 | 0.095 | 0.178 | 0.206 |
| Chloride of potassium | 1.122 | 1.006 | 1.199 | 3.079 |
| Chloride of sodium | 48.766 | 50.055 | 63.746 | 70.260 |
| Sulphate of potassa | 0.201 | 0.111 | trace. | trace. |
| Phosphate of soda | trace. | 0.002 | 0.001 | trace. |
| Iodide of sodium | 0.011 | 0.017 | 0.025 | 0.031 |
| Bromide of sodium | 0.091 | 1.069 | 01.192 | 0.276 |
| Alumina | 0.153 | trace. | 0.016 | trace. |
| Silica | 0.283 | 0.105 | 0.157 | 0.013 |
| Total | 69.502 | 75.267 | 93.874 | 105.804 |
| Carbonic acid gas, cu. in. | 51 | 49 | 47 | 57 |
There were also traces of fluoride of calcium, biborate of soda, and organic matter. Saratoga waters possess tonic and cathartic properties, and are therefore especially adapted to cases of dyspepsia, jaundice, calculus, and engorgement of the liver. (See Saratoga Springs.) Allied springs are: Congress spring, Santa Clara co., Cal.; Rockbridge baths, Rockbridge co., Va. (74° F.); Capon springs and bath, Hampshire co., W. Va.; Artesian well, St. Louis, Mo. (2,199 ft. deep); Spring Lake well and Fruit Port well, Ottawa co., Mich., which much resemble the celebrated waters of Creuznach, Prussia; and St. Catharine's wells, Ontario, Canada, also similar to Creuznach, but stronger. Plantagenet or Caratraca and Caledonia springs, in the same province of Canada, are fine types of iodo-bromated saline waters. 3. Sulphur Springs. These are impregnated with nitrogen and sulphuretted hydrogen gas. Cold sulphur springs are indicated as effective in catarrhal affections of the lungs and throat, and in hæmorrhoids. Such are Weilbach, Nenndorf , Eilsen, Langenbrücken, in Germany; Stachelberg in Glarus, Switzerland; Montmorency, La Roche, and St. Amand, in France; Harrowgate, Tynemouth, and Butterby, in England; and many in Italy. Thermal sulphur springs are recommended in rheumatism and gout. Among these are Aix-la-Chapelle and Burtscheid (Kochbrunnen, 156° F.), in Prussia; Baden, near Vienna; Baréges, Bagnères-de-Luchon, Eaux-Chaudes, Arles, St. Sauveur, Ax, Digne, and Aix-les-Bains, in France; Abano, Ponti, Sessame, Volterra, Viterbo, Pozzuoli, Castellamare, &c., in Italy; Baden and Schinznach, in Switzerland; Mehádia and Trencsény-Teplitz, in Hungary; the Caldas of Rainha and Gerez in Portugal, and of Orense and Lugo, in Spain; and Ramlösa, in Sweden. The principal cold sulphur springs in the United States are: Alpena well, Mich.; Cold White Sulphur springs, Rockbridge co., Montgomery White Sulphur springs and the Seven Fountains or Burner's springs, Shenandoah co., Red Sulphur springs, Monroe co., and Greenbrier White Sulphur springs and Greenbrier Blue Sulphur springs, Greenbrier co., W. Va.; Sharon springs, Schoharie co., Richfield and Cherry Valley springs, Otsego co., Avon springs, Livingston co., and Columbia springs, Columbia co., N. Y.; Bedford springs, Trimble co., Esculapia springs, Lewis co., Fox springs, Fleming co., and White Sulphur and Tar springs, Breckenridge co., Ky.; De Soto springs, La.; Green Cove springs, Clay co., Fla.; Red Sulphur springs, Walker co., Ga.; and French Lick springs, Orange co., Ind. The Sandwich springs, Ontario, Canada, are also of this class. Of saline sulphur waters, applicable especially to the treatment of dartrous or herpetic diseases of the skin, the most noted are: West Baden springs, Orange co., Indian springs, Martin co., Lodi Artesian well, Wabash co., and Lafayette well (55° F.), Tippecanoe co., Ind.; the upper and lower Blue Lick springs, Nicholas co., Big Bone springs, Boone co., Paroquet springs, Bullitt co., and Olympian springs, Bath co., Ky.; Blount springs, Ala.; Massena springs, St. Lawrence co., N. Y., which resemble those of Eilsen, Germany; and Salt Sulphur springs, Monroe co., W. Va. Of calcic sulphur waters, prescribed in cases which otherwise would require sulphur waters, but which are complicated by disease of the bladder, the principal springs are: Chittenango springs, Madison co., and Clifton springs, Ontario co., N. Y.; and Yellow Sulphur springs, Montgomery co., Va. The principal thermal sulphur springs in the United States are: Calistoga hot springs, Napa co. (about 60 springs, varying from lukewarm to boiling hot), the Geysers, Sonoma co. (about 100 springs, varying from 97° to 195° F.), Paso Robles hot springs, San Luis Obispo co. (112° to 122°, and allied to the waters of Aix-la-Chapelle), Santa Barbara hot sulphur springs (60° to 130°), and Agua Caliente or Dr. Warner's ranch spring (136° to 142°), San Diego co., Cal.; Louisville
