in the manufacture of pottery. Their hunting expeditions supply them with a great abundance of wild meat; but, according to Schweinfurth, their cannibalism is “the most pronounced of all the known nations of Africa.” An important article of traffic is ivory, which is a monopoly of the king.
MONCK, an electoral district of Ontario, Canada, in the S. part of the province, bordering on Lake Erie; area, 373 sq. m.; pop. in 1871, 16,179, of whom 5,758 were of German, 5,046 of English, 3,080 of Irish, and 1,570 of Scotch origin or descent. It comprises parts of the counties of Haldimand, Lincoln, and Welland, and is traversed by the Grand Trunk, Canada Southern, and Great Western railways.
MONCREIFF (Wellwood), Sir Henry, a Scottish divine, born at Blackford, Perthshire, Feb. 6, 1750, died in Edinburgh, June 14, 1827. He was the son of the Rev. Sir William Moncreiff, and assumed the name of Wellwood in the latter part of his life. He was educated at Glasgow and Edinburgh, was ordained in 1771, and was minister in Blackford as successor of his father till 1775, when he was appointed minister of St. Cuthbert's, Edinburgh. He early connected himself with the evangelical party in the church, and became in time its leader. His principal works are: “Discourses on the Evidence of the Jewish and Christian Revelations” (Edinburgh, 1815); “Account of the Life and Writings of Dr. John Erskine” (1818); and “Sermons” (3 vols. 8vo, 1829-'31), with a memoir by his son.
MONCTON, a town and port of entry of Westmoreland co., New Brunswick, Canada, at the head of navigation on the Petitcodiac river, and on the Intercolonial railway, 89 m. N. E of St. John; pop. in 1871, 4,810. It is beautifully situated and has a fine harbor. The number of vessels cleared during the year ending June 30, 1873, was 17, of 1,563 tons; entered, 16, of 1,357 tons; value of exports, $15,321; imports, $108,037. The town contains the general offices and principal workshops of the railway, and has manufactories of iron castings, steam engines, machinery, tobacco, leather, wooden ware, &c., two branch banks, several hotels, a weekly newspaper, a telegraph office, and four churches.
MONDAY (Lat. Lunæ Dies, Fr. lundi, Ger. Montag, the day of the moon), the second day of the week, which derives its designation from the Romans, who gave the names of the sun, moon, and five planets to the seven days in modern use.
MONDOÑEDO, a city of Galicia, Spain, in the province and 30 m. N. N. E. of the city of Lugo; pop. about 7,000. It is built in the form of an amphitheatre on the slope of three mountains, one of which is the Monte Infiesta, at the edge of an oval valley, watered by three streams, tributaries of the Masma. The streets are irregular, and the houses mainly of antiquated appearance. The walls are in good preservation. The cathedral, begun in 1221, is a massive Corinthian structure. An ancient castle stands on an eminence, and its batteries command the town. The chief occupations are agriculture, cattle rearing, cotton and linen weaving, and tanning. The French sacked Mondoñedo in 1809.
MONDOVI, a town of Piedmont, Italy, in the province of Coni, on the right bank of the Ellero, 1,810 ft. above the sea, and 53 m. W. of Genoa; pop. about 10,000. It is partly on a hill, is walled, and has a citadel. The streets are adorned with many handsome edifices, among which is the cathedral of San Donato. It is the seat of a bishop, and has two gymnasia, a technical school, an episcopal seminary, and other schools and charitable institutions. The manufactures are of woollens, silks, &c. The city was founded in the 12th century by the people of the surrounding villages, as a place of refuge during the civil wars. It remained an independent republic till 1396, when it submitted to Amadeus of Savoy, titular prince of Achaia. On April 21, 1796, it was the scene of a battle between a portion of Bonaparte's army and the Sardinians under Colli, in which the latter were defeated with the loss of 2,000 men and 8 guns. In 1799 the city was fearfully punished for rising against the French.
MONE, Franz Joseph, a German scholar, born at Mingolsheim, Baden, May 12, 1796, died in Carlsruhe, March 12, 1871. He studied at Heidelberg, and was professor there till 1827, when he became professor of statistics at Louvain; but after the revolution of 1830 he returned to Heidelberg, and in 1835 became director of the Baden archives. His works include Geschichte des Heidenthums im nördlichen Europa (2 vols., 1822-'3); an edition of Reinardus Vulpes (Stuttgart, 1832); Uebersicht der niederländischen Volksliteratur älterer Zeit (Tübingen, 1838); and Die gallische Sprache und ihre Brauchbarkeit für die Geschichte (Carlsruhe, 1851).
MONEY (Lat. and Ital. moneta), the currency of the realm or of the country; the standard of payment, whether of coins, circulating notes, or any other commodity. Anything which freely circulates from hand to hand, as a common, acceptable medium of exchange in any country, is in such country money, even though it cease to be such, or to possess any value, in passing into another country. In a word, an article is determined to be money by reason of the performance by it of certain functions, without regard to its form or substance. Money has been termed by Mr. Henry C. Carey “the instrument of association,” and the same writer has said of it that it is “a saving fund for labor, because it facilitates association and combination, giving utility to billions of millions of minutes that would be wasted did not a demand exist for them at the moment the power to labor had been produced.” Baron Storch terms money “the marvellous instrument to which we are indebted for our wealth and civilization.” Mr.
