Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XI.djvu/768

750 MONK MONKEY This course lie continued after his arrival in London, and his first decisive act, compelling the parliament to readmit the expelled mem- bers, was only performed after a long study of the tendency of public opinion. From this time, however, his actions were rapid and de- cisive. He brought the army, with which he was always exceedingly popular, into a very perfect state of organization ; and the restored members of parliament having brought about his appointment as commander-in-chief, he be- gan to fill the principal offices in the army with royalists. This accomplished, he dissolved the old parliament and assembled a new one, to which, on May 1, 1660, he introduced Sir John Greenville, ambassador from the banished Charles II., with proposals for a restoration of the king. Everything having been prepared for this step by Monk, the proposals were at once accepted, and Charles landed at Dover. Every favor was now conferred upon Monk, and besides the titles of duke of Albemarle and earl of Torrington, with several minor dignities, he received large grants of money and lucrative offices. He resided in London, and continued active in public affairs. In 1664 he presided at the admiralty. In 1665 he displayed great bravery and ability as gov- ernor of London during the plague. In 1666 he again commanded (with Prince Rupert) a naval force against the Dutch, and served with much distinction ; but he returned from the expedition ill of dropsy, of which he died. He was buried in Westminster abbey. See " Life of Monk," by Skinner (London, 1751), and by Guizot (Paris, 1851 ; English transla- tion by Wharncliffe). MONK, James Henry, an English author, born in Huntingford, Herts, early in 1784, died at Stapleton, near Bristol, June 6, 1856. He studied at the Charterhouse, and at Trinity college, Cambridge, where in 1807 he became assistant tutor, and in 1808 professor of Greek, but resigned that office on becoming dean of Peterborough in 1822. In 1830 he became bishop of Gloucester. His principal work is the "Life of Bentley" (2 vols. 4to, 1831; re- vised ed., 1833). MONKEY, the common name of the family simiadce of the order quadrumana. The teeth are 32 to 36, and more or less approximate ; the canines are larger than the incisors, the upper ones separated by a considerable interval from the latter; the face denuded; the fore feet often larger than the hind, and the middle finger of both hands and feet the longest ; op- posable thumbs on fore and hind limbs, chiefly formed for grasping; mammas pectoral, two or four ; stomach simple. Their food consists of vegetables and insects. Their habits are gen- erally arboreal, and their habitat the forests of tropical America, Asia, and Africa. The mon- keys of the new world are entirely distinct from those of the old ; the former have been called simice platyrrhini, or broad-nosed monkeys, and the latter imice catarrhini, or narrow- nosed monkeys. The platyrrhini have the nostrils wide apart, on the sides of the nose as it were ; they have no cheek pouches nor cal- losities on the rump, and their long tails are generally prehensile; the hands have either four or five fingers, the first or thumbs very slightly if at all opposable ; the teeth are : in- cisors |, canines |i|, molars |zf =36; they in- habit the warm parts of South America. The marmosets have been described under that title, and the remainder of the tribe may be divided into howlers and sapajous. The howling mon- keys belong to the genus mycetes (Illiger), and are characterized by a pyramidal head, bearded face, pentadactylous hands and feet, and tail naked at the end on the lower surface ; the low- er jaw is very high, and the hyoid bone is ex- panded into a kind of drum, which renders the voice so resonant and loud that their troops make a most frightful noise during the night ; they are the largest and fiercest of the American monkeys, resembling the baboons in disposition Aragnato (Mycetes ursinus). and facial angle, and the gibbons (Jiylobates) in their noisy and gregarious habits. The species are most abundant in Guiana and Brazil, where 30 or 40 are often seen on a single tree. The brown howler or araguato (M. ursinus, Hnmb.) is reddish brown, with long hair and beard, and bluish black face; it is nearly 3 ft. long, exclusive of the tail. There are several other species. The sapajous are more slender, with flatter faces, longer tails, and milder disposi- tions than the howlers, resembling the guenont? or long-tailed monkeys of the old world. IB the genus ateles (Geoffroy), the head is rounded, the limbs very long and slender, the fore hands without thumbs, or with very rudimentary ones, and the tail long and prehensile and bare at the tip beneath. The coaita (A. paniscus, Geoffr.) is entirely black ; it is a timid, mild animal, rather sluggish when not excited, but exceedingly agile among the trees ; as it swings from the branches by the tail it looks not un-