Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XI.djvu/771

MONKEY chestnut, upper part of head bright yellowish green, cheeks yellow, outside of limbs and tail blackish, with a spot of white on the nates ; it is a native "of Africa, cunning, active, intelli- gent, and playful. The Diana monkey (G. Diance, Geoffr.) is so called from the white MONMOUTH 753 Diana Monkey (Cercopithecus Dianse). crescent on the forehead ; the chin and throat are white ; it is about 1 ft. long with a tail of 2 ft. There are many other species, most, like the first two, from Africa. The mangabeys (cercocebus, Geoffr.) begin to come near the baboons in the more lengthened muzzle and re- ling forehead, though they have the long il of the guenons ; they are found in Africa and India. The green monkey (0. sabwus, Geoffr.) is a native of Africa and the Cape Verd islands, and is very often seen in captivity on account of its lively and playful manners ; the color is olive green above, shading into white below, and the face is black. The malbrouck of Bengal ( C. cynosurus^ Geoffr.) is olive brown above, shading into white, with a white band over the eyes ; it is an excellent climber and very active, and is often seen in menageries. The white-eyelid mangabey (0. fuliginosus, Geoffr.) is sooty black with white and very conspicuous upper eyelids; it is a native of Africa. These and numerous other species of Asia and Africa are generally easily domestica- ted when young ; they are good-natured, play- ful, and free from the disgusting habits of the larger baboons. The restriction of the catar- rhini to the old and of the platyrrMni to the new world prevailed in the tertiary geological epochs. Fragments of a jaw and some teeth found in the eocene sand of Suffolk, England, were referred by Owen to the genus macacus under the name of M. eocenus; this furnishes a proof of the former more elevated tempera- ture of Europe, monkeys having lived during the eocene period 15 further N. than now. In the miocene of France, in lat. 43 N., were found portions of a jaw and teeth, very an- thropoid in appearance, belonging to what De Blainville has called pithecm antiquus, which some have thought nearer to man than is the chimpanzee. Other fragments have been found in England, Greece, and France, which have been referred to the genera macaw*, pithecus, and semnopithecus. In the Sivalik hills of In- dia have been discovered specimens of semno- pithecus nearly as large as the orangs, and some resembling baboons. In South America, Lund found in Brazil, in lat. 18 S., speci- mens which he referred to the genera cebus, callitJirix primcevus (twice the size of any liv- ing species), and protopithecm Brasiliensis, which must have attained a height of 4 ft.; he also found there ouistitis (jacchus grandis) twice as large as any now living. MONKSHOOD. See ACONITE. MONMOUTH, a central county of New Jersey, bordering on the Atlantic ocean, drained by the Nevisink, Shrewsbury, Shark, and Toms rivers ; area, about 800 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 46,195. Its surface is generally level, with elevations toward the northeast. It is traversed by the Freehold and Jamesburg, the New Jersey Southern and Port Monmouth branch, the Toms River and Waretown, and the Tuckerton railroads. The chief productions in 1870 were 176,473 bushels of wheat, 46,567 of rye, 760,479 of Indian corn, 180,461 of oats, 1,263,403 of Irish and 50,892 of sweet potatoes, 41,582 Ibs. of wool, 415,367 of butter, and 32,389 tons of hay. There were 6,035 horses, 1,254 mules and asses, 8,033 milch cows, 4,244 other cattle, 14,099 sheep, and 10,890 swine; 13 manufac- tories of brick, 23 of carriages and wagons, 10 of men's clothing, 5 of furniture, 3 of gold leaf and foil, 5 of tanned and 5 of curried leather, 7 of canned vegetables, 4 distilleries, 28 flour mills, and 8 saw mills. Capital, Freehold. MONMOUTH, a city and the capital of War- ren co., Illinois, situated at the intersection of the Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy, and the Rockford, Rock Island, and St. Louis railroads, 90 m. N. W. of Springfield ; pop. in 1870, 4,662. It is the seat of Monmouth college, established in 1856, and of the theological seminary of the Northwest, established in 1839, both under the control of the United Presbyterians. The former institution admits both sexes, and in 1873-'4 had 9 instructors, 138 preparatory and 87 collegiate students, and a library of 1,850 volumes. The seminary in the same year had 3 professors, 12 students, and a library of 2,442 volumes. The city has five hotels, three pub- lic halls, two grain elevators, two flouring mills, a planing mill, three manufactories of ploughs, one of files, one of school and church furniture, three national banks, an acade/ny, graded public schools, a library, three weekly newspapers, two monthly periodicals, and nine churches. MONMOUTH, a market town and borough of England, capital of Monmouthshire, in a valley at the confluence of the Wye and Monnow, 110 m. W. N. W. of London ; pop. in 1871, 5,874. Its castle, once the residence of John of Gaunt, is now a mere ruin. There are large iron