Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XI.djvu/812

794 MONTREAL of captain general of the Spanish army were conferred upon him in 1859. In 1868 he left Spain for a time, and in 1870 was a candidate for the throne. The rival candidate, Don En- rique de Borbon, brother of Isabella's husband, having alluded to him in offensive terms, was challenged by Montpensier. They fought March 12, and at the third shot Enrique fell dead. The duke was sentenced by a court martial to one month's banishment and a fine of $6,000. In 1871 he was exiled to Port Mahon for re- fusing to take the oath of allegiance to King Amadeus, but as a candidate to the cortes he was allowed to return to Madrid. He soon left for Paris, where he still resides. His .elder daughter Isabella was married in 1864 to her cousin the count de Paris. In 1874 he lent his celebrated collection of Spanish paintings for exhibition in Boston. MOKTTREAL, a city of the Dominion of Canada, in the province of Quebec, the largest in Brit- ish North America, and the commercial capi- tal of the country, in lat. 45 31' N., Ion. 73 35' W., on the S. E. side of a triangular island of the same name at the confluence of the riv- ers Ottawa and St. Lawrence. This island, which is about 30 m. long by 10 m. in greatest breadth, is 600 m. from the mouth of the river, 140 m. in direct line S. W. of Quebec, 310 m. N. E. of Toronto, and 335 m. N. of New York. It stands at the head of ship navigation, and at the foot of that great chain of improved inland waters extending from the Lachine canal to the western shores of Lake Superior. In 1861 the population of Montreal was 90,323 ; in 1871, 107,225 (including 77,980 Roman Catholics and 29,245 Protestants), two thirds being of French origin. It derives its name from Mont R6al, Montreal, from Mount Royal. or Mount Royal, rising 750 ft. above the har- bor, and covering at the base an area of about 8 sq. m. It is built mostly of a grayish limestone from adjacent quarries, and with its handsome spires and glittering tin roofs, and the pictu- resque villas that stud its lofty background, is seen to great advantage from the river. The Roman Catholic parish church, Notre Dame, in Place d'Armes, commenced in 1824 and opened in 1829, is built in Gothic style and in the form of a parallelogram. It is 241 ft. long, 135 ft. wide, and seats between 10.000 and 12,000. It has six towers, one at each corner and one in the middle of each flank. The two on the main front rise 213 ft., nearly twice the height of the others. In one of these is a peal of bells, the largest of which weighs upward of 20,000 Ibs. The building comprises several aisles and chapel ; it is 61 ft. from the founda- tion to the eaves, and its principal window is 64 by 32 ft. It is at present (1875) the largest religious structure in the Dominion, but it will be surpassed by the Roman Catholic cathedral now in course of erection on the corner of Dorchester and Cemetery streets, after the plan of St. Peter's at Rome. The English cathedral, in St. Catharine street, is a most perfect specimen of Gothic architecture ; it is cruciform, built of rough Montreal stone, with Caen stone facings. Its aisles are 112 ft. long with an aggregate width of 70 ft., and its transept is 100 by 25 ft. Its spire is 224 ft. high. In 1858 the number of churches in the city was 30 ; it is now 64, viz. : 9 church of England, 21 Roman Catholic, 5 Presbyterian, 5 church of Scotland, 5 Methodist, 4 Wesleyan, 4 Baptist, 2 Jewish, 2 Congregational, 1 French Evangelical, 1 German Protestant, 1 society