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816 MORAN MORATIX te der dlteren und neueren EtUk (1800-'l) ; Moller, Das absolute Princip der Eihik (1819); Staudlin, Geschichte der MoralpJiiloso- phie (1822) ; De Wette, Christliche Sittenlehre (1819-'21); Henning, Principien der Eihik in, historischer Enlwiclcelung (1824) ; Vetter, ITeber das Verhdltniss der philosophischen zur christlichen Sittenlehre (1834); Daub, Vorle- sungen uber die Prolegomena zur theologischen Moral, und fiber die Principien der Eihik (1839) ; Wirth, System der speculativen Etliik (1841-'2); Rothe, Theologische Ethik (1845); Fuchs, System der christlichen Sittenlehre (1850) ; Gioberti, Del buono (1843) ; Rosmini- Serbati, Filosofia del diritto (1844) ; Bautain, Philosophie morale (1842) ; Denis, Histoire des theories et des idees morales dans Vanti- quite (1855) ; Janet, Histoire des idees morales et politiques (1856) ; Mackintosh, " Disserta- tion on the Progress of Ethical Philosophy " (1815) ; Blakey, " History of Moral Science " (1833) ; Whewell, " History of Moral Philoso- phy in England " (1852) ; Wayland, "Elements of Moral Science " (1835); Alexander, "Out- lines of Moral Science " (1852) ; Hickok, "Moral Science" (1853); Haven, "Moral Philosophy" (1859); Mark Hopkins, "Lec- tures on Moral Science" (1863), and "The Law of Love, and Love as a Law " (1868) ; Bain, " Mental and Moral Science " (1868) ; and E. H. Gillett, "The Moral System" (1874). MORAN. I. Thomas, an American artist, born in Bolton, Lancashire, England, Jan. 12, 1837. His family came to the United States when he was seven years old and settled in Philadelphia. At the age of 16 he was apprenticed to an en- graver, but at 19 became a landscape painter, though he never studied under any master. In 1861 he visited England to study the works of Turner and other English artists, returning in 1862. In 1866 he visited England, France, It- aly, and Switzerland. He removed to Newark in 1871, and accompanied an exploring expe- dition to the Yellowstone river. On his re- turn he painted (1871-'2) "The Grand Cation of the Yellowstone," on a canvas 7 by 12 ft. in size. He afterward visited many parts of the west, including the Yosemite valley and the canons of the Colorado river, and from studies made in the latter region painted (1873- '4) "The Chasm of the Colorado," a picture of the same size. For these two paintings, which were bought by congress, and were the first landscapes ever purchased by the govern- ment, the artist received $20,000. Among his other works are: "Balboa discovering the Pacific" (1860); " Salvator Rosa sketching Banditti " (1860) ; " Childe Roland " (1861) ; " Autumn on the Wissahickon" (1863); "The Wilds of Lake Superior " (1864) ; "The Track of the Storm " (1865-'6) ; " The Woods were God's first Temples" (1867); "Hiawatha and the Serpents " (1868) ; " Dream Land " (1869) ; and " The Castle of Indolence " (1871). He is also a successful illustrator of books. II. Peter, an American artist, brother of the preceding, born in Bolton, March 4, 1842. When 16 years old he was apprenticed to a lithographic printer, but soon began the study of landscape painting with his brother Thomas. Having become convinced that his best efforts were in animal painting, he went to London in 1864 and spent many months in the study of Landseer's works. Among his principal works are : "A Quarrel- some Family," "Domestic Felicity," "Return from the Fair," "Troublesome Models," "The Dawn of Day," "Morning after the Storm," "The Critics," "An Outcast," and "A Rainy Day." EDWARD, another brother, is also an artist, devoting himself to marine subjects. MORAT (Ger. Murteri), a town of Switzer- land, in the canton and 8 m. N. by W. of the city of Fribourg, on the S. E. shore of the lake of Morat, and on the high road from Bern to Lausanne ; pop. in 1870, 2,328. It has a cas- tle and a commercial school, and is memorable for the victory achieved there by the Swiss over Charles the Bold of Burgundy, June 22, 1476. An obelisk was erected on the battle field in 1822. (See CHARLES THE BOLD.) The lake is about 6 m. long, 2 m. broad, and 350 ft. deep. A narrow and flat strip of land sep- arates it from the lake of Neufchatel, into which it empties through the river Broye. MORATA, Olympia FuMa, a learned Italian woman, daughter of the poet Fulvius Peregri- nus Moratus, born in Ferrara in 1526, died in Heidelberg, Oct. 26, 1555. She received a care- ful and extended classical education, and early in life (according to some authorities in her 16th year) lectured in Ferrara on subjects of classical learning. She married a German phy- sician, Andreas Grunthler, and lived at Schwein- f urt, where she became an early convert to Protestantism. In 1553, when the city was captured by Margrave Albrecht of Branden- burg, her library was plundered, and she was compelled to flee to Hammelburg. Soon after- ward her husband was appointed professor at Heidelberg, and she removed with him to that city. Her works consist of Greek and Latin poems, published in Basel in 1558, and in fre- quent subsequent editions. Biographies of her were written by Xolten (Frankfort, 1731 and 1775), Kartzsehke (Zittau, 1808), and Bonnet (Paris, 1850). The last has been translated into German by Merschmann (Hamburg, 1860). MORATW. I. Nicolas Fernandez, a Spanish poet, born in Madrid, July 20, 1737, died there, May 11, 1780. He was a lawyer by profession, but became the reformer of the Spanish the- atre, and, with the aid of a royal injunction, drove the autos sacramentales from the stage. He wrote a comedy called Petimetra (1762), Diana, a didactic poem (1765), and a narrative poem, Las naves de Neman Cortes. His best tragedies are Lucrecia, Ormesonda, and Guz- man el Bueno. He also wrote in prose on his- torical subjects. In 1821 his son published a volume of posthumous poems, together with a life and some of his more celebrated lyrics. II. Leandro Fernandez de, a Spanish dramatist,