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824 MOREAU MOREL everything seemed to be lost, he was defeated by Suvaroff at Cassano, April 27, 1799, and executed a retreat from the banks of the Ad- da first to Turin, and then to Genoa, which, though less famous, is perhaps more admi- rable than that of 1796. He and Macdonald were superseded by Joubert, under whom Mo- reau consented to serve. Joubert having been killed at Novi, Moreau saved the remnant of the French army. lie had in the mean while been appointed commander of the army on the Rhine. Passing through Paris, he be- came acquainted with Bonaparte, and assisted him on the 18th Brumaire by watching over the two reluctant directors who were kept prisoners in the Luxembourg palace. While Bonaparte was executing the campaign which ended with the victory of Marengo, Moreau, who had crossed the Rhine, April 25, 1800, had several successful contests with the Aus- trians, drove Gen. Kray across the Danube, won the decisive battle of Hochstadt, advanced as far as Munich, and on July 15 signed the armistice of Parsdorf. Austria showing a dis- inclination to a definite arrangement, a win- ter campaign was required. Moreau, with 100,000 men, received orders to cross the Inn and march on Vienna. On Dec< 3 he met the Austrians under the archduke John at Hohen- linden, where he won a brilliant victory. He then rapidly crossed the Inn, the Salza, and the Traun, defeated the archduke Charles at Lam- bach, occupied Linz on the Danube and Steyer on the Enns, and was within two days' march of Vienna when the emperor consented to the terms proposed by the first consul, and signed the treaty of Luneville, Feb. 9, 1801. After his return to Paris, Moreau married ; and yield- ing to the influence of his wife and mother-in- law, who persuaded him that he was not treated as he deserved to be, he gave free expression to his discontent, and was privy to, if not deeply concerned in, the conspiracy of Georges Ca- doudal and Pichegru in 1804. For this he was sentenced by a court martial to two years' imprisonment, which Bonaparte commuted to exile. Moreau came to the United States, bought an estate at Morrisville, Pa., on the Delaware river, opposite Trenton, N. J., and engaged in agricultural pursuits. At the end of nine years Alexander I. of Russia invited him to return to Europe, and gave him a flat- tering welcome. He was induced by the czar to devise a plan for the invasion of France. He became a bosom companion of Alexander, was near him at the battle of Dresden, Aug. 27, 1813, and was advising upon a certain mano2uvre on a hill near Racknitz, when a cannon ball from Napoleon's guard broke both his legs. lie was carried on the retreat to Bohemia, and died five days later. His re- mains were interred in St. Petersburg. A monument was dedicated to him in Paris in 1819. See Vie politique, militaire et privee du general Moreau, by A. de Beauchamp (8vo, Paris, 1814). The best account of his career is found in Thiers's Histoire de la revolution fran- faise and Histoire du consulat et de V empire. MOREHOUSE, a N. parish of Louisiana, bor- dering on Arkansas, bounded W. by the Wash- ita, and drained by Bartholomew and Boeuf rivers; area, 950 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 9,387, of whom 6,375 were colored. It has an un- dulating surface, subject to inundation, with a fertile soil. The chief productions in 1870 were 180,032 bushels of Indian corn, 17,399 of sweet potatoes, 55,950 Ibs. of butter, and 11,154 bales of cotton. There were 1,136 horses, 1,325 mules and asses, 2,510 milch cows, 5,735 other cattle, 2,570 sheep, and 10,- 833 swine. Capital, Bastrop. MOREL (Fr. morille), the common name for morchella esculenta, an edible fungus found in Europe, Asia, and North America. It grows in orchards, woods, and damp pastures, pre- ferring a heavy argillaceous soil to a sandy one, and is especially frequent on burnt soil Morel (Morchella esculenta). or where cinders have been deposited. It is usually about 4 in. high, with a white, cylin- drical, smooth stem ; the pileus or cap is near- ly spherical, sometimes elongated, and adheres to the stem by its base ; its surface is covered with a network of ribs which run together irregularly and give the cap the appearance of being pitted over its whole surface ; its color is a pale buff. Morels appear in spring and early summer, and though they are less gen- erally known than the mushroom, they are by some more highly prized. They are used in cookery for flavoring ragouts, gravies, &c., and are also eaten stewed in the same manner as mushrooms. They are found on rare occasions in the New York markets, and in England, where they are much better known, they are sel- dom offered for sale fresh. Unlike the mush- room, the morel preserves its flavor when dried, and in that state it is an article of commerce. The chief supply is from Germany; and as the plants are found most abundantly upon