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862 MOSELEY MOSER piled together. Industrial exhibitions and fairs often take place in the city. Moscow is said to have been founded in the middle of the 12th century by George Dolgoruki, prince of Kiev. Ivan Danilovitch of Vladimir took the title of grand prince of Moscow in the early part of the 14th century, and it remained the seat of government from that time until the begin- ning of the 18th, when the administration was transferred by Peter the Great to St. Peters- burg. Moscow was plundered by the Lithu- anians and the Tartars of Tamerlane in the lat- ter' part of the 14th century, and subjected to many vicissitudes in the 15th and 16th. It was nearly consumed by fire in 1536, in 1547, and again in 1571, when the Tartars set fire to the suburbs, and a large part of the population per- ished. During the insurrections caused by the pseudo-Demetriuses (1605-'12), when the Poles and Cossacks took the city, it was again part ly destroyed. In 1812 it was entered by the French under Murat. on Sept. 14, and on the 15th by Napoleon, who took up his residence in the Kremlin. The city, deserted by its in- habitants, was set on fire by order of the gov- ernor, Count Rostoptchin, compelling Napo- leon to leave on Oct. 19, and to take his final departure on the 23d, and resulting in the dis- astrous retreat of the French army. The great- er part of the city was then destroyed, not- withstanding the efforts of the French to stay the progress of the flames ; but it was rebuilt within a few years. MOSELEY, Henry, an English scientific writer, born about 1802, died Jan. 20, 1872. He took his degree at St. John's college, Cambridge, in 1826, took orders, and for several years he was professor of natural philosophy and as- tronomy in King's college, London. He was one of the first of the clergy to officiate as inspector of schools, and his services to educa- tion led to his being made in 1853 canon of Bristol cathedral. He afterward became vicar of Olveston, and in 1855 chaplain to the queen. He published several scientific works, the best known of which are " Treatise on Mechanics applied to the Arts" (London, 1847), and " Me- chanical Principles of Engineering and Archi- tecture" (1855). MOSELLE (Ger. Mosel ; anc. Nosella), an af- fluent of the Rhine, which rises in France, in the S. E. corner of the department of Vosges, and flows N. and N. W. to Toul, in the department of Meurthe-et-Moselle (formerly Meurthe) ; thence its course is N. E. till it is joined by the Meurthe, when turning N. it passes through the former department of Moselle (now German Lorraine), and for over 20 m. forms the boundary between Rhenish Prussia and Dutch Luxemburg. Then again turning N. E., it flows through Rhenish Prussia to Coblentz, where it falls into the Rhine. The Moselle is about 320 m. long, more than 160 m. of which is through France. Its chief tribu- taries are : on the right, the Meurthe, Seille, and Saar ; on the left, the Mad on, Ornes, and Sure or Sauer. The principal cities on its banks are Toul, Metz, Treves, and Coblentz. It is navigable for more than 200 m., or from its junction with the Meurthe to its mouth. MOSELLE WINES. 'See GERMANY, WINES OF, vol. vii., p. 775. MOSEN, Julius, a German poet, born at Ma- rieney, Saxony, July 8, 1803, died Oct. 10, 1867. He was the son of a schoolmaster, and studied jurisprudence at Jena and Leipsic. After fill- ing some inferior judicial stations in the prov- inces, he removed to Dresden, where he prac- tised his profession, and established a reputa- tion as a poetic and dramatic writer. In 1844 he was appointed dramatic writer to the court theatre in Oldenburg. Among his published poems are : Liedwm Ritter Wahn (1831) ; Ge- dichte, including Andreas Hofer (1836) ; and AJiasver (1838). His principal tragedies are : Die Braute von Florenz and Wcndelin und Helena (1836); Kaiser Otto III. (1840) ; Bern- hard^von Weimar (1855); and Der SoJin des Fursten (1858). He wrote also the dramas and comedies Heinrich der Finkler (1836), Cola Rienzi (1836), Johann von Oesterreich and Die Wette (1842); and several fanciful novels, the principal of which is Bilder im Moose (1846). His collected dramatic works were published in Stuttgart in 1862, and his complete works in 8 vols. in Oldenburg (1863- '4) and in Leipsic (1871). MOSENTHAL, Salomon Hermann, a German dramatist, born of Jewish parentage in Cas- sel, Jan. 14, 1821. He took his doctor's de- gree at Marburg in 1842, became private tutor in Vienna, and in 1851 archivist in the Aus- trian ministry. His Deborah (Pesth, 1850) and Sonnenwendhof (Leipsic, 1856)^ have been adapted to the English, Italian, Danish, Hun- garian, and Bohemian stage; and he has writ- ten many other dramas, among which is the tragedy Pietra (1865). His Gesammelte Ge- dichte appeared in Vienna in 1866. MOSER, George Michael, an English enameller, born in Schaffhausen, Switzerland, about 1705, died in England, Jan. 23, 1783. According to Sir Joshua Reynolds, he excelled in his pro- fession, had a universal knowledge in all branches of painting and sculpture, and " may truly be said in every sense to have been the father of the present race of artists." He was an original member of the royal academy, and for many years keeper of that institution, in which capacity he instructed the students in drawing and modelling from the antique. His daughter MARY (LLOYD), distinguished as a flower painter, was the only woman, with the exception of Angelica Kauffmann, ever a mem- ber of the royal academy. She died at an advance.d age, May 2, 1819. MOSER. I. Johann Jakob, a German jurist, born in Stuttgart, Jan. 18, 1701, died there, Sept. 30, 1785. He was educated at the uni- versity of Tubingen, where at the age of 19 he was appointed teacher, and in 1727 professor of law. In 1736 he was made director of the