Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XII.djvu/133

NAGPORE NAIL 125 drains the castle moats as one of the sides. It is regularly laid out in squares, and the com- mercial, ecclesiastical, and official quarters are separate. The castle, now containing the gov- ernment buildings, is one of the largest and strongest in Japan. The temples and monas- teries are numerous, wealthy, and occupy much ground. The Tokaido, or main highway of the empire, passes through the city, which has a large inland trade, chiefly by carts and pack horses, and a still larger business by junks and steamers. It is noted for its manufactures of decorated porcelain, lacquered work, wood car- ving, and fans. It contains a telegraph station and a government college. Seven miles distant is the seaport of Miya. NAGPORE, or Nagpoor, a city of central India, capital of the province of Berar or Nagpore, situated in lat. 21 9' N., Ion. 79 11' E., 420 m. E. N. E. of Bombay, with which city it is connected by a branch of the Great Indian Peninsula railway; pop. about 115,000. It is 7 m. in circumference, but the houses are gen- erally inferior. There are important manu- factories of cotton, and silk and cutlery are also made. Two great trunk roads in addition to the railway lead out of Nagpore : one 160 m. to Jubbulpore, the other 180 m. to Raipur in Chaltisghar. In 1740 Nagpore became the seat of an independent Mahratta sovereignty. On Nov. 26, 1816, the English garrison of 1,400 men were suddenly attacked at Seetabuldee, the heights in the vicinity of the residency, by the rajah's army of 18,000 troops, who were finally repulsed, although with a loss to the British of 333 killed and wounded. The city was annexed to the British dominions with the state of Berar in 1853. A partial mutiny of the Madras sepoys stationed at Nagpore, on Jan. 18, 1858, was successfully repressed. NAHANT, a town of Essex co., Massachusetts, 10 m. N. E. of Boston by water ; pop. in 1870, 475. It consists of a peninsula, projecting about 3 m. into Massachusetts bay, and con- nected with Lynn by a narrow beach of sand and gravel so hard that a horse's footsteps scarcely leave a trace. The extremity, called Great Nahant, is 2 m. long and m. broad, and contains 463 acres. In many places the shore is lined by rocks rising 20 to 60 ft. above the tide ; and there are many singular caves and fissures, the most noted of which are the Swallow's cave and the Spouting Horn. A large hotel, erected on the E. extremity in 1824, was burned in 1858, and there are now only three small hotels. The peninsula is chiefly occupied by handsome cottages, used as sum- mer residences by the citizens of Boston. Ma- olis garden, a public picnic ground, occupies about 20 acres along the shore on the N. side, and is adorned with fountains and shell work. Between Great Nahant and the mainland, and about |- m. from the former, a rocky ridge, called Little Nahant, crosses the beach, rising 80 ft. above the sea, and comprising about 40 acres. A mile E, of Nahant is Egg Rock, rising abruptly to the height of 86 ft., and crowned by a lighthouse. The town was sepa- rated from Lynn in 1853. NAHE, a river of Germany, one of the afflu- ents of the Rhine. It rises on the confines of Rhenish Prussia and the detached portion of Oldenburg enclosed by that province, and after a tortuous course, first N. E. and then E., of about 60 m., 25 m. of which is navigable, it empties through a portal formed by the Ro- chusberg on the right and the Rupertsberg on the left into the Rhine at Bingen. There is some fine scenery in the vicinity of Creuznach and Oberstein. IV AUDI, the seventh of the Hebrew minor prophets in order of arrangement. He is des- ignated the Elkoshite, probably from the place of his birth, the location of which is however unknown, contradictory traditions placing it in Galilee and on the banks of the Tigris. He prophesied probably in Judah toward the close of the reign of Hezekiah (about 700 B. 0.), after the deportation of the ten tribes, and predicted the destruction of Nineveh and the relief of Judah. His pictures of the wicked- ness and fall of Nineveh are vivid and power- ful, and his diction clear and sonorous. Re- cent explorations in the East have given fresh interest to the study of this book. There are many commentaries upon it and works illustra- ting its connections with history. See espe- cially O. Strauss, Nahumi de Nino Vaticinium (1853) ; M. von Niebuhr, Geschickte Assures und Babel's (1857); Vance Smith, "The Prophe- cies relating to Nineveh " (1857) ; and Paul Kleinert in Lange's BibelwerTc, part xix. (1868). NAIADS (Gr. vdeiv, to swim), in Grecian and Roman mythology, nymphs who presided over fresh waters, and were supposed to inspire those who drank of them with oracular powers and the gift of poetry. They could also restore sick persons to health. They are represented in works of art as beautiful maidens, half draped, and with long hair. NAIL (Sax. ncegel; Ger. Nagel), a piece of metal, more or less sharp at one end with a head at the other, used to fasten together pieces of wood or other material by being driven into or through them. The principal division is into wrought and cut nails, the former be- ing made from tough wrought iron, the lat- ter from rolled plates. The different sorts are named from the use to which they are applied or from their shape, as shingle, floor, or horse- shoe nails, tacks, brads, or spikes. The term penny, when used to mark the size of nails, is supposed to be a corruption of pound. Thus, a four-penny nail was such that 1,000 of them weighed 4 Ibs., a ten-penny such that 1,000 weighed 10 Ibs. Originally, the "hun- dred " when applied to nails was 6 score or 120; consequently the thousand was 1,200. The making of nails is one of the oldest of the handicraft arts, probably dating as far back as the art of working metals. Before the inven- tion of machinery an immense number of per-