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NAPIER 135 was appointed by Dom Pedro to command the Portuguese fleet destined to operate against Dom Miguel. On July 5, 1833, he gained a signal victory off Cape St. Vincent, and was created Viscount Cape St. Vincent, grand cross of the tower and sword, and a grandee of the first class in Portugal. In 1839 he re- entered the English navy, and in 1840 became commodore under Admiral Stopford of the fleet employed on the coast of Syria, where he participated in the storming of Sidon and the capture of Beyrout and Acre. In the same year he was created a K. C. B., besides receiv- ing several continental decorations; and in 1846 he was appointed rear admiral of the blue, and given command of the channel fleet. In 1849 he was superseded, but upon the breaking out of war with Russia he was put in command of the fleet destined to act against Cronstadt and other Russian ports in the Bal- tic, with the rank of vice admiral of the blue. He sailed from Spithead, March 11, 1854, with the most magnificent fleet ever equipped by Great Britain, promising to take Cronstadt in a month. His return to England in Decem- ber, without having accomplished anything of importance beyond the capture of Bomarsund. subjected him to considerable ridicule, and led to recriminations between himself and the ministry. In 1858 he was made admiral of the blue. He was member of parliament for Marylebone from 1841 to 1847, and after 1855 for Southwark. He published a series of let- ters on naval reform, and in 1851 " The Navy, its Past and Present State." He also wrote "Account of the War in Portugal" (2 vols., 1836), and " The War in Syria " (2 vols., 1842). A "History of the Baltic Campaign of 1854" was prepared from materials furnished by him (1857). His " Life and Correspondence " was published by Maj. Gen. E. Napier (2 vols., 1862). NAPIER, Sir Charles James, a British soldier, cousin of the preceding, born in Whitehall, London, Aug. 10, 1782, died at Oaklands, near Portsmouth, Aug. 29, 1853. At an early age he received an ensign's commission in the 4th regiment of foot, with which he served during the Irish rebellion of 1798, and again in 1803. He commanded the 50th regiment of foot in the retreat of Sir John Moore, and in the bat- tle of Corunna (Jan. 16, 1809) .received five severe wounds, and was left for dead in the hands of the enemy. He returned to England on parole some months later, to the astonish- ment of his friends, who had already adminis- tered upon his estate. Before procuring em- ployment he occupied his leisure by writing pamphlets on a variety of subjects. He finally went to the Peninsula as a volunteer, had two lorses shot under him at Coa, and was se- verely wounded at Busaco. In 1811 he pro- cured a regular command, and served until the close of the war. Immediately afterward he was sent to Bermuda as lieutenant colonel of the 102d regiment, and for some months par- ticipated in expeditions which harassed the ! coast of the United States. The return of Na- poleon to France recalled him to Europe, but he arrived too late to participate in the battle of Waterloo. In 1824 he was appointed gov- ernor of Cephalonia, where he remained five years, and was active in promoting the cause of Greek independence. After along period of inactivity, he was appointed commander of the forces in the northern district of England, whence in 1841 he was transferred to the com- mand of the army in Bombay. He commenced his Indian career by a number of sweeping re- forms in the service, which gained him the dis- like of his officers. Upon the arrival of Lord Ellenborough in India in February, 1842, as governor general, Napier sketched out for him the plan of a second Afghan campaign ; and in the early part of the succeeding year he took the field against the ameers of Sinde. He made a rapid march across a desert to the for- tress of Emaun Ghur, one of the chief strong- holds and magazines of the ameers, which he blew up. On Feb. .17, 1843, with a force of less than 2,000 men, he overcame an army of 35,000 Belooches at Meeanee, compelling the surrender of the important fortress of Hydra- bad. On March 24 he defeated Shere Mo- hammed, who had collected an army of about 25,000 men at Dubba, near Hydrabad. The war being ended, Napier set to work to im- prove the condition of the conquered prov- ince, of which he had been appointed gover- nor. He protected the Hindoo and Sindian population, who had long been subjected to the military despotism ot the Belooches, en- couraged native industry, and abolished slavery and the slave trade, sutteeism, infanticide, the military tenure of lands, and other barbarous customs. At the breaking out of the first Sikh war in 1845 he organized a force of 15,000 men to operate against the enemy, but was ordered elsewhere before the commence- ment of the campaign. In 1847 he returned to England. In March, 1849, he was again sent to India, as commander-in-chief of the British forces in the second Sikh war, super- seding Lord Gough. He found the war virtu- ally ended before his arrival, and coming into collision with the governor general, Lord Dal- housie, on some points of prerogative, he re- turned to England in 1850. His health rapid- ly failed after this, his last public appearance being at the funeral of the duke of Wellington in November, 1852. Among his numerous publications those of most permanent impor- tance are: "Lights and Shadows of Military Life" (1840), a free imitation of Alfred de Vigny's Grandeur et servitude militaire ; "History of the Colonies: Ionian Islands" (1853) ; "and " Indian Misgovernment and Lord Dalhousie" (1853). His career in India has been described by his brother Sir William F. P. Napier, who also published his "Life and Opinions" (4 vols., London, 1857). Monu- ments to him have been placed in Trafalgar square and St. Paul's church, London.