Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XII.djvu/274

262 NEUVILLE NEVADA have on board the proper papers of her nation, and have the right to carry false papers, be- cause she must not only have the proper docu- ments, but must use them at a proper time and in a proper way. Yet it seems that simulated or false papers may not only be carried when leave is expressly given, but when a usage exists to carry them, which is or should be known to the insurer. The warranty of the neutrality of a ship is broken if a belligerent own any part of it. In regard to goods the rule is different, and the warranty is held to extend only to the interest of the insured, and is not broken by the fact that a part of the cargo not insured is not neutral. But when the interest insured covers the whole cargo, the law will regard the real ownership ; and therefore property held by a neutral by a legal title indeed, but for the benefit of and in trust for a belligerent, is belligerent property. If neutral goods are shipped in time of peace to a consignee who has not ordered them, so that the property would not vest in him till the goods were received, in case of capture they are considered as the property of the consignor. But if they are shipped by a neutral after the war begins, and under a contract made during peace but in contemplation of war, and to be at the risk of the sendee until delivery, they are put on the same footing as if the contract were made during war. If a subject of a bel- ligerent power ship goods to a neutral which have not been ordered by him, so that the bel- ligerent retains control over them, they are considered as his property. The mere right of the belligerent seller to stop goods in transitu on the insolvency' of the vendee is not such an interest as would make the goods belligerent. The warranty of neutrality requires such trade, conduct, and course of transaction as shall be in conformity and adaptation to this warranty. Therefore, if the neutral interests or property are indistinguishably mixed up with belligerent interests or property, they become themselves liable to all the incidents and effects of a bel- ligerent character. So resistance of a search when rightfully demanded, an attempt at res- cue, seeking belligerent protection or receiving it, are all breaches of the warranty of neutral- ity, because they belong to the conduct of a belligerent. It is a sufficient compliance with the warranty, that a vessel is neutral accord- ing to the law of nations ; and for a condem- nation for breach of ordinances which are contrary to the law of nations, the under- writers are still liable. NEUVILLE, Hyde de. See HYDE DE NEUVILLE. NEUWIED, a town of Rhenish Prussia, on the right bank of the Rhine, 6 m. K W. of Cob- lentz; pop. in 1872, 8,664, chiefly Protestants. There are about 400 Moravians, whose exten- sive establishments have given to Neuwied its chief celebrity. It dates from the 17th cen- tury, and by the liberality of its princes in- dustrious persons of different religious creeds were attracted to the place, and established manufactures of wool and cotton which have given to it its present prosperity. The palace possesses a museum of natural history, and a collection of Roman antiquities, chiefly from the buried Roman town of Victoria discov- ered in this vicinity in 1791. The media- tized princes of Neuwied (or Wied, also Wied- Neuwied) are of very ancient origin, and among them have been several eminent men. Prince HERMANN (1814-'64) was distinguished as a soldier and as the anonymous author of philosophical works. His son, Prince WILLIAM (born in 1845), the present head of the house, is a brother of the princess Elizabeth, who became in 1869 the wife of Charles I. of Rou- mania, and he married in 1871 the Dutch prin- cess Mary. An uncle of Prince Hermann was the celebrated traveller Prince MAXIMILIAN (1782-1867). He served in the Prussian army, but after having risen to the rank of major general left the service, and in 181 5-' 17 trav- elled in the interior of Brazil, exploring the dense forests of Bahia and Espirito Santo. He devoted special attention to zoology and ethnography, and was the first European to give any definite information respecting the Botocudos. In 1832-'4 he travelled in the United States, visiting its remote western re- gions. He published Seise nach Brasilien (2 vols., Frankfort, 1819-'20), Ablildungen zur Naturgeschichte Brasiliens (Weimar, 1823-'31), Beitrdge zur Naturgeschichte Brasiliens (4 vols., 1824-'33), and Reise durch Nordamerika, with 81 plates (2 vols., Coblentz, 1838-'43 ; English version, London, 1843), which is val- ued for its magnificent illustrations and its contributions to American ethnography. His zoological collection, embracing some of the rarest specimens of the South America fauna, is now in the American museum of natural history, New York. A genus of palms has been named in his honor Maximiliana. NEVA, a river of Russia, flowing from the S. W. extremity of Lake Ladoga, first S. W., then N. W., and ultimately through the city of St. Petersburg, discharging by many mouths into the gulf of Finland. Its entire course is not more than 40 m., but it is very wide, has an average depth of two to three fathoms, and is of great commercial importance. It is liable, particularly at the breaking up of the ice in April, to sudden inundations, often most disas- trous to St. Petersburg, which is built on the islands formed by its branches. NEVADA, one of the western states of the American Union, the 23d admitted under the constitution, situated between lat. 35 and 42 N"., and Ion. 114 and 120 W. ; extreme length N. and S. in the east, 485 m., and on the W. boundary, 210 m. ; greatest breadth, on the 39th parallel, 320 m., K of which it contracts to about 310 m., and S. of which it contracts to a point ; area (greater than that of any other state except Texas and California), 104,125 sq. m. It is bounded N. by Oregon and Idaho, E. by Utah and Arizona (from the latter of which