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NEWBURGH 279 of navigation on the S. W. bank of the Raritan river, about 15 m. above its mouth, at the ter- minus of the Delaware and Raritan canal, and on the New Jersey division of the Pennsylva- nia railroad, 28 m. S. W. of New York ; pop. in 1860, 11,256 ; in 1870, 15,058. The oldest parts of the town are built on low land, but a large and by far the pleasantest portion is upon the high and sloping ground which, in the form of a crescent, half encircles the original loca- tion. This portion is well laid out with wide streets, and contains many handsome residen- ces. The court house is near the centre of the city. The opera house and masonic hall are fine buildings. New Brunswick is largely en- gaged in manufactures, containing extensive India-rubber factories, and manufactories of harness, hosiery, iron, machinery, leather, pa- per hangings, &c. It has two banks, a high school and other public schools, several private schools, two daily and two weekly newspa- pers, two monthly periodicals, and 17 churches. The city is the seat of Rutgers college (Re- formed), founded in 1770, occupying an ele- vated and beautiful situation in the N. portion. A grammar school and the state college of ag- riculture and the mechanic arts (as the scien- tific department) are connected with it. (See RUTGERS COLLEGE.) The theological seminary of the Reformed (Dutch) church, established here in 1810, occupies a commanding position N. of the college. It has three fine buildings, Bertzog hall, Suydam hall, and the library. In 1874-'5 it had 4 professors, 39 students, and a library of 20,000 volumes. New Brunswick was settled about the close of the 17th cen- tury by emigrants from Long Island, and was incorporated as a town in 1736. During the revolution it was at different times the head- quarters of each of the opposing armies, and remains of their works are still to be seen in the vicinity. The city was incorporated in 1784. NEWBFRGH, a city and one of the county seats of Orange co., New York, on the W. bank of the Hudson river, 61 m. by the river N. of New York, and 84 m. S. of Albany ; pop. in 1870, 17,014, of whom 4,346 were foreigners. It is the terminus of the Newburgh branch of the Erie railway. Ferries connect it with Fishkill Landing and Dutchess Junction, sta- tions on the Hudson River railroad, on the op- posite bank of the river, the last named sta- tion being the river terminus of the New York, Boston, and Montreal railway. It is situated on a steep slope rising from the river to a height of 150 ft. Water is supplied from Lit- tle pond, 3 m. distant, the works for which cost $96,000. "Washington's Headquarters," an old stone mansion overlooking the Hudson, is owned and kept in order by the state. Besides its association with the revolutionary war and its great- chief, the building contains numerous interesting relics of that period. Newburgh owns considerable shipping, and has an impor- tant trade, the receipts of lumber and produce by rail being extensive. Steamers run reg- ularly to New York, Albany, and intermediate points. Its manufactures are extensive, em- bracing engines, boilers, and other machinery, iron castings, carpets, cotton goods, beer, horse blankets, brass, cement pipe, paper, pianos and organs, &c. There are three national banks, with a joint capital of $1,550,000, and a sa- vings bank. The city contains ten private Kewtrargh. schools, good public schools, embracing an academy and five grammar schools, a free pub- lic library under the charge of the board of education, and two daily and three weekly newspapers. The Newburgh theological sem- inary (United Presbyterian) was organized in 1804, and chartered in 1835. In 1873-'4 it had 3 instructors, 12 students, and a library of 3,450 volumes. There are 22 churches, viz. : 3 Baptist, 4 Episcopal, 5 Methodist, 6 Presby- terian, 2 Reformed, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 Unitarian. The city was incorporated in 1865.