Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XII.djvu/314

302 NEW JERSEY Byron's straits; length -about 200 m., average breadth 20 in. ; area, about 4,300 sq. m. ; pop. about 11,000. The hills rise to the height of 1,500 or 2,000 ft., and are clothed from base to summit with the most luxuriant forests. The highest peaks are known as " Mother and Daughter." The timber grows to a great height, many of the trees being 80 or 90 ft., perfectly straight, and 9 ft. in circumference. The in- dentations of the coast offer several very com- modious harbors. The lower tracts are well cultivated, and produce sugar cane, bananas, cocoanuts, yams, and numerous other plants and trees. The inhabitants belong to the Aus- tralian negro race, and their villages are very neat. Their canoes are well built, but not large. Dogs, pigs, and turtles are the chief animals. The islanders trade in fancy woods and tortoise shell, the latter of superior quality. NEW JERSEY, one of the thirteen original states of the American Union, situated between lat. 38 56' and 41 21' N., and Ion. 73 54' and 75 33' W. ; extreme length 167 m., average breadth 50 m. ; area, 8,320 sq. m. It is bounded N. E. by New York ; E. by the Hudson river, which separates it from New York, by New York bay, and the Atlantic ocean ; S. by the Atlantic and by Delaware bay ; and W. by Del- YEARS. White. Free colored. Slaves. Total. Rank. 1790... 1800 1810 169,954 194.825 226 868 2,762 4,402 7843 11,423 12,422 10851 184,189 211,149 245562 9 10 12 1820 257 409 12460 7557 277'426 18 1S30 800 266 18808 2254 320 823 14 1840 851,588 21,044 674 373 306 18 I860 465509 23810 236 489 555 19 1860 . . . 646699 25818 18 672 035 21 1870 875407 80658 906' 096 17 State Seal of New Jersey. aware and Pennsylvania, from which it is sep- arated by the Delaware river. The state is divided into 21 counties, viz. : Atlantic, Ber- gen, Burlington, Oamden, Cape May, Cumber- land, Essex, Gloucester, Hudson, Hunterdon, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Ocean, Passaic, Salem, Somerset, Sussex, Union, and Warren. The cities, according to the census of 1870, are : Bridgeton, pop. 6,830 ; Burling- ton, 5,817; Camden,20,045; Elizabeth, 20,832 ; Harrison, 4,129 ; Hoboken, 20,297 ; Jersey City, 82,546; Millville, 6,101; Newark, 105,- 059; New Brunswick, 15,058; Orange, 9,348; Paterson, 33,579 ; Plainfield, 5,095 ; Rahway, 6,258 ; Salem, 4,555 ; and Trenton, the capital, 22,874. The population of the state and its rank in the Union, according to the federal enumerations, have been : Of the total population in 1870, which included 16 Indians and 15 Chinese and Japanese, 449,- 672 were males and 456,424 females; 717,153 were native born, of whom 575,245 were born in the state, 74,750 in New York, and 32,947 in Pennsylvania; 188,943 were foreigners, in- cluding 54,001 born in Germany, 3,130 in France, 26,614 in England, 86,784 in Ireland, and 5,704 in Scotland. The density of the population was 108-91 to the square mile. There were 183,048 families, with an average of 4'95 persons to each, and 155,936 dwellings, with an average of 5-81 to each. The increase of population from 1860 to 1870 was 34*83 per cent. The number of male citizens 21 years old and upward was 194,109 ; of persons from 5 to 18 years of age, 262,862 ; attending school, 158,099. There were 37,057 persons 10 years old and upward unable to read, and 54,687 who could not write; of the latter, 29,726 were of native and 24,961 of foreign birth ; 42,821 were 21 years of age and over, of whom 36,431 were white and 6,390 colored, 17,396 males and 25,425 females. The number of paupers supported during the year ending June 1, 1870, was 3,356, at a cost of $283,341. Of the total number (2,390) receiving support June 1, 1870, 1,669 were of native birth, in- cluding 301 colored, and 721 were foreigners. The number of persons convicted of crime during the year was 1,040 ; in prison June 1, 1870, 1,079, of whom 640 (including 157 col- ored) were natives, and 439 foreigners. There were 317 blind, 231 deaf and dumb, 918 insane, and 436 idiotic. Of the total population 10 years of age and over (680,687), there were engaged in all occupations 296,036 ; in agri- culture, 63,128, of whom 29,240 were laborers and 32,077 farmers and planters; in profes- sional and personal services, 83,380, including 1,236 clergymen, 26,242 domestic servants, 232 journalists, 39,820 laborers not specified, 888 lawyers, 1,208 physicians and surgeons, and 2,698 teachers not specified; in trade and transportation, 46,206 ; and in manufactures, mechanical and mining industries, 103,322, of whom 3,823 were blacksmiths, 5,849 boot and shoe makers, and 12,569 carpenters and joiners. The number of deaths was 10,586, or 1'17 per cent, of the population. There were 1,822 deaths from consumption, or 5 '8 deaths from all causes to one from that disease; from pneumonia 700, or 15'1 from all causes to one from that disease; from cholera in- fantum,783; croup, 215; diphtheria, 177; scar-