Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XII.djvu/325

NEW LEON NEW LONDON 313 Harlem Extension railroad, 20 m. E. S. E. of Albany; pop. in 1870, 2,124. In the E. part is a large Shaker settlement (Mount Lebanon) of from 500 to 600 persons (including a few in the adjoining town of Canaan), owning about 4,000 acres of land. They have a large meet- ing house, a laboratory, a grist mill, five saw mills, a chair factory, two seed establishments, two machine shops, eight dwellings, a stone barn 196 by 50 ft., said to be the most perfect in the country, and seven other large barns. There are 26 buildings used as workshops. Their principal occupation is the raising and putting up of medicinal plants and garden seeds, the preparation of roots and extracts, and the manufacture of brooms and baskets. Of garden seeds and medicinal articles the annual production is about 200,000 Ibs. The village of Lebanon Springs is a place of resort for its thermal springs, the largest of which discharges 16 barrels of water per minute. According to the analysis of Dr. Meade, a pint of the water contains 0'25 gr. chloride of calcium, 0'44 gr. chloride of sodium, 0'19 gr. carbonate of lime, and 0*37 gr. sulphate of lime. Gas, composed of 89 -4 parts nitrogen and 10'6 parts oxygen, is constantly given out in the proportion of 5 cubic inches for every pint of water. The discharge of this spring supplies several baths, and keeps two or three mills running throughout the year. The waters have a uniform temperature of 73 at all sea- sons. There are several hotels. The town also contains an extensive establishment for the manufacture of medicinal extracts and pharmaceutical preparations, which makes its own glass ware; and it has the oldest ther- mometer factory in the United States. NEW LEON. See NUEVO LEON. NEW LONDON, a S. E. county of Connecticut, on Long Island sound, bordering on Rhode Island, bounded E. partly by the Pawcatuck and W. by the Connecticut river, and drained by the Thames river ; area, about 650 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 66,570. The surface is hilly, and in the southwest mountainous ; the soil is best adapted to grazing. Fishing is extensively carried on. It is traversed by several rail- roads. The chief productions in 1870 were 16,846 bushels of rye, 247,362 of Indian corn, 174,300 of oats, 17,546 of buckwheat, 331,492 of potatoes, 64,441 tons of hay, 10,000 Ibs. of tobacco, 64,738 of wool, 803,406 of butter, and 95,613 of cheese. There were 3,916 horses, 13,116 milch cows, 5,711 working oxen, 10,775 other cattle, 20,565 sheep, and 7,560 swine. There were 703 manufacturing establishments, with a capital of $11,279,402, and annual pro- ducts amounting to $19,797,065, producing carriages and wagons, clothing, cotton goods, cotton thread, firearms, India-rubber goods, iron castings, machinery, paper, woollens, flour, and a variety of other articles. Capitals, New London and Norwich. NEW LONDON, a city, port of entry, and one of the capitals of New London co., Con- necticut, on the W. bank of the Thames river, 3 m. above its entrance into Long Island sound, and 40 m. S. E. of Hartford, in lat. 41 18' 57" N., Ion. 72 5' 4" W. ; pop. in 1850, 8,991 ; in I860, 10,115; in 1870, 9,576. It is built on a declivity sloping S. and E., and the ground in the rear of the city rises to a con- siderable height. The streets were not origi- nally laid out with much regularity, but have been greatly improved, and the new quarters are well graded. The private residences, owing partly to the influx of summer visitors who are attracted by the beautiful scenery of the neigh- borhood, are in many cases elegant and pictu- resque. The Pequot house, near the entrance of the harbor, has also made this city a fashion- able summer resort. The Crocker house, re- cently built in the heart of the city, is one of the largest and best hotels in the state. Among the public buildings are a handsome granite custom house, a substantial and elegant brown- stone city building in which also the post of- fice is situated, the court house, and the school houses and churches. The town has ample railroad communication by means of the New York, New Haven, and Hartford (Shore Line), the New London Northern, and the Stonington and Providence lines. There are two daily lines of steamers to New York. The largest wharf in New England is in course of construction at this port ; it is 1,125 ft. long, 220 ft. wide at the river end, and 150 ft. at the shore end, at which vessels drawing 18 ft. may lie at low tide. The harbor is the best on Long Island sound, and one of the best in the United States. It is 3 m. long and 5 fathoms deep, sheltered by hills, seldom obstructed by ice, and defended by Fort Trumbull at the entrance. This for- tress, which has been almost entirely rebuilt since 1840, is one of the best in the country, and mounts 80 pieces of heavy ordnance. It has accommodations for a garrison of 800 men. At the town of Groton, on the opposite side of the river, is Fort Griswold, the scene of the massacre by the British in 1781. (See GROTON.) On the E. bank of the Thames a United States navy yard is in course of con- struction. The inhabitants of New London have long been actively engaged in the whale fishery, in which the city ranks second only to New Bedford. Recently the seal fishery has been pursued by vessels from this port at Alaska and the South Shetland islands. The cod and mack- erel fisheries for the New York and other mar- kets are also important. There is some foreign and considerable coasting trade. The value of exports to foreign countries for the year end- ing June 30, 1874, was $90,585; of imports from foreign ports, $237,714. The number of entrances in the foreign trade was 30, aggre- gate tonnage 5,084; clearances 18, tonnage 3,026. The number of vessels engaged in the whale fishery was 17, of 2,735 tons; in the cod and mackerel fisheries 98, of 2,107 tons. The number of vessels belonging to the port was 191, with an aggregate tonnage of 20,624, viz.: