NEWSPAPERS 343 STATES. 1
1 STATES. >> s f 10 78 4 33 Arkansas 4 55 Pennsylvania . . 74 4S5 California Connecticut Delaware 86 18 3 144 69 16 Rhode Island.... South Carolina. . . Tennessee 6 5 13 14 60 107 District of Co- Texas VO 127 lumbia Florida 5 12 29 Vermont Virginia 6 18 57 80 Georgia ii 104 West Virginia.. 7 56 Illinois 36 457 Wisconsin . 18 194 25 223 Iowa 22 275 fi54 5,456 Kansas 14 136 Territories . 94 98 Louisiana 7 71 Total United Maine 9 58 States 678 5554 Maryland 8 85 Massachusetts . . . Michigan .... 26 21 212 230 BRITISH AMEEICA. Minnesota 7 112 . 21 Mississippi Missouri . 6 24 84 284 Nova Scotia Ontario 23 24 212 Nebraska 10 77 Quebec 12 41 Nevada 7 8 British colonies . 3 17 New Hampshire 9 44 New Jersey New York 20 98 132 681 Total British America 46 815 North Carolina.. Ohio 10 29 80 386 724 e. Qffn About one seventh of the daily papers print tri- weekly or semi-weekly editions ; nearly every daily issues a weekly; a few journals issue only semi- or tri-weekly editions ; the weekly total includes religious, literary, agricultural and horticultural, technical and professional, illustrated, and miscellaneous papers. In 1833 a " penny paper " called " The Sun " was estab- lished in New York by Benjamin H. Day, but it soon passed into the hands of Moses Y. Beach. It was at first about 10 inches square, and being sold for one cent, grew rapidly into a circulation of 60,000 copies. It was afterward enlarged, and its management and character having been changed in 1867, its circulation was greatly in- creased, the price being two cents. In 1835 James Gordon Bennett began the publication of the " New York Herald," at first as a penny paper, but afterward raised the price to two cents, and subsequently to four cents. At his death it passed into the hands of his son, James Gordon Bennett, jr., by whom it is now con- ducted. On April 10, 1841, the "Tribune" was founded by Horace Greeley, and it was edited by him till his nomination for the presi- dency in 1872, when he was succeeded by White- law Reid. Politically it is now independent. The " New York Times " was established in 1850 by Henry J. Raymond. " The World " was established in June, 1860, as a religious daily, and in July, 1861, united with itself the " Courier and Enquirer." In 1862 it was purchased by Manton Marble, who made it a democratic journal, and who still edits it. "The Graphic," established in 1873, was the first attempt in this country to publish an illus- trated daily paper. The " Herald," " World," and "Times" are published every day in the year, and their Sunday issues are sold at five cents. In 1849 the New York "Journal of Commerce," "Courier and Enquirer," "Tri- bune," " Herald," " Sun," and "Express" com- bined to form the "New York Associated Press," of which the " Times " on its establish- ment in 1850 became a member; the "World " when founded in 1860 was made a participant in its news privileges, and in 1861 by absorb- ing the " Courier and Enquirer " became a member. The association collects and distrib- utes to the newspapers the latest news by telegraph from all quarters, at an annual ex- pense (in 1875) of about $1,000,000. The New York "Evening Post," "Commercial Adver- tiser," and Staats-Zeitung buy their telegraphic news from the associated press, as also do the local associations known as the "New York State Associated Press," the " Western Asso- ciated Press," the "New England Associated Press," and the " California Associated Press." The "American Press Association," organized in Boston in July, 1870, is independent. Some of the New York weekly papers, as " Harper's Weekly," " Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspa- per," and the " New York Ledger," have an immense circulation, that of the last having at times exceeded 400,000 a week. A noteworthy one is the chief American sporting paper, " The Spirit of the Times," founded by William T. Porter, Dec. 10, 1831, conducted by him for 25 years, and merged in the present journal of the same name, originally "Wilkes' Spirit of the Times," under the management (still continued) of George Wilkes. The religious newspapers, of which the earliest was the " Boston Record- er," established in 1815, are weekly. The chief of these published in New York are the " Ob- server" and "Evangelist," Presbyterian; "In- dependent," Congregational ; " Churchman," Episcopal; "Christian Advocate," Methodist; "Examiner," Baptist; "Liberal Christian," Unitarian ; " Christian Intelligencer," Reform- ed ; " Christian Union," Congregational ; " Morning Star," Freewill Baptist (chief office at Dover, N. H.); "Tablet," Roman Catholic; " New Jerusalem Messenger," Swedenborgian ; and the " Jewish Messenger." Many country publishers now purchase "auxiliary papers," having one side filled with general matter, and print the other side for their respective local- ities. Newspapers in foreign languages were published in the United States in 1874 as fol- lows : German, 31058 in Pennsylvania, 50 in New York, 33 in Ohio, 25 in Wisconsin, 24 in Illinois, 16 in New Jersey, 15 in Indiana, 14 in Missouri, 11 in Iowa, 9 in California, 7 in Texas, 6 each in Kentucky, Michigan, and Minnesota, 4 each in Maryland, Kansas, and Nebraska, 2 each in Massachusetts, Connec- ticut, Virginia, Louisiana, and Colorado, and 1 each in Delaware, the District of Columbia, West Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Ten- nessee, Dakota, and Oregon ; French, 2818 in Louisiana, 5 in New York, 2 in Massachusetts, and 1 each in Rhode Island, Illinois, and Cali- fornia; Scandinavian, 19 8 in Illinois, 3 in Minnesota, 2 in New York, and 1 each in Iowa,
