NEWTON 345 kansas, drained by the Buffalo fork of White river and its head branches; area, about 900 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 4,374, of whom 9 were colored. It has a diversified surface, much of it still covered with forests, and a generally fertile soil. The chief productions in 1870 were 9,830 bushels of wheat, 169,825 of Indian corn, 13,645 Ibs. of tobacco, 43,292 of butter, 14,019 of honey, and 3,472 gallons of sorghum molasses. There were 1,148 horses, 1,232 milch cows, 781 working oxen, 1,549 other cattle, 2,355 sheep, and 14,126 swine. Capital, Jas- per. V. A N. W. county of Indiana, bordering on Illinois, bounded N. by the Kankakee river, and intersected in the S. by the Iroquois ; area, about 400 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 5,829. Beaver lake, a considerable body of water, is in the N. part. The surface is level, and in parts swampy. It is traversed by the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and St. Louis railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 23,802 bushels of wheat, 142,096 of Indian corn, 111,333 of oats, 18,855 of potatoes, 8,456 Ibs. of wool, 155,755 of butter, and 14,854 tons of hay. There were 2,814 horses, 2,362 milch cows, 6,987 other cattle, 3,320 sheep, and 4,995 swine. Capital, Kentland. VI. A S. W. county of Missouri, bordering on Kansas and the Indian territory, and drained by branches of the Grand or Neosho river ; area, about 750 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 12,821, of whom 350 were colored. It is intersected by the Atlantic and Pacific railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 67,725 bushels of wheat, 359,945 of Indian corn, 81,045 of oats, 26,982 of Irish and 6,879 of sweet potatoes, 16,480 Ibs. of tobacco, 10,387 of wool, 90,824 of butter, and 15,619 gallons of sorghum molasses. There were 3,134 horses, 2,496 milch cows, 894 working oxen, 4,072 other cattle, 6,511 sheep, and 16,077 swine ; 5 flour mills, 6 saw mills, and 1 manu- factory of pig lead. Capital, Neosho. NEWTON, a city of Middlesex co., Massachu- setts, on a curve of the Charles river, which bounds it N., W., and S., and on the Boston and Albany and the Boston, Hartford, and Erie railroads, 8 m. W. of Boston ; pop. in 1840, 3,351; in 1850, 5,258; in 1860, 8,382; in 1870, 12,825; in 1875, estimated at 17,000. The surface is high and undulating, the scenery beautiful, and the situation healthy. The city is divided into six. wards, and contains nine post villages, viz. : Auburndale, Chestnut Hill, Newton, Newton Centre, Newton Highlands, Newton Lower Falls, Newton Upper Falls, Newtonville, and West Newton. There are ten railroad stations. Near the centre of the city there is a cemetery, with a diversified surface partly improved, embracing 82 acres. Many of the residents do business in Boston, but considerable manufacturing is carried on in the city, the river furnishing extensive wa-
- er power at the upper and lower falls. The
principal articles produced are braid and cor- dage, boots and shoes, carriages, print cloths, dye stuffs, emery cloth, glue, hosiery, orna- mental goods, photograph frames, ink, paper, shoddy, soap, and rolling mill products. There are a national and a savings bank. The city is lighted with gas and has a fire depart- ment. The valuation of property in 1872 was $24,256,854; in 1874, $28,081,445; city debt at the close of 1874, $387,000. At Newton Centre is the Newton theological institution, founded by the Baptists in 1826. The build- ings occupy the summit of a hill commanding a fine view. The regular course is three years. Tuition and room rent are free. In 1873-'4 it had 5 resident professors, 1 other instructor, 72 students, and a library of 12,000 volumes. Lasell female seminary, at Auburndale, estab- lished in 1851, is beautifully situated, and em- braces instruction in the English branches and a four years' classical course. In 1873-'4 it had 11 instructors and 42 students. The most important of the other educational institutions is the English and classical school at West Newton, established in 1854. The public schools embrace a high, a training, 8 grammar, and 8 primary schools, and have an average attendance of about 2,000 pupils. There are several libraries : the free library, with 8,500 volumes ; the Athena3um library ; the New- ton Centre library, 1,500 volumes; and the Lower Falls library, 1,500 volumes. The city has two weekly newspapers, two asylums for male and female orphans and destitute chil- dren, and 25 churches, viz. : 4 Baptist, 7 Con- gregational, 3 Episcopal, 5 Methodist, 2 Ro- man Catholic, 1 Swedenborgian, 2 Unitarian, and 1 Universalist. Newton was settled in 1630, and was incorporated as a town in 1679, being separated from Cambridge. A city char- ter was granted in 1873. NEWTON, Charles Thomas, an English archaeol- ogist, born in Herefordshire in 1816. He grad- uated at Oxford in 1837, and from 1840 to 1852 was an assistant in the department of antiquities in the British museum. In 1856", while vice consul at Mytilene, he discovered at Boodroom (anc. Halicarnassus) the site of the Mausoleum. (See HALICARNASSUS.) He was engaged in other interesting excavations from 1856 to 1859, and enriched the British museum with numerous sculptures, inscriptions, vases, coins, and other relics. In 1860 he became consul at Rome, and in 1861 keeper of the Greek and Roman antiquities in the British museum. His wife, who was known as an artist, died Jan. 2, 1866. NEWTON, Gilbert Stuart, an English painter, born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Nov. 2, 1794, died in Chelsea, England, Aug. 3, 1835. On the death of his father he removed in 1803 with his mother to Boston, and was instructed in painting by his maternal uncle, Gilbert Stuart. About 1816 he went to Italy; and after studying a while at Florence and else- where, he went in 1817 to London and became a student in the royal academy. Here he formed an intimacy with Charles R. Leslie and Washington Irving. He early adopted a style founded on that of Watteau, and attracted
