Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XII.djvu/370

358 NEW YOKE (STATE) hops. The state ranked first in the produc- tion of peas, beans, and potatoes, as well as in the value of the produce of market gardens, orchards, and forests; next to Ohio in flax, Pennsylvania in rye, California in barley, Ver- mont in maple sugar, Illinois and Pennsylvania in oats, and Ohio and California in the amount of wool and the number of sheep. In dairy products the prominence of New York is spe- cially marked. In 1870 there were on farms 8,935,332 milch cows in the United States, of which 1,350,661 were in New York. The dairy products of the whole country were 514,- 092,683 Ibs. of butter, 53,492,153 of cheese, and 235,500,599 gallons of milk sold; of New York, 107,147,526 Ibs. of butter, 22,769,964 of cheese, and 135,775,919 gallons of milk sold. The factories of the United States produced 109,435,229 Ibs. of cheese, valued with other products at $16,771,665, of which 78,006,048 Ibs., valued at $12,164,065, were the product of New York. The great dairy counties of the state are St. Lawrence, Delaware, Chenango, Chautauqua, Jefferson, and Orange. In 1870 there were on farms 15,627,206 acres of im- proved land, 5,679,870 of woodland, and 883,- 734 of other unimproved land. The number of farms was 216,253, averaging 103 acres; 13,006 contained from 3 to 10 acres each, 18,145 from 10 to 20, 54,881 from 20 to 50, 73,956 from 50 to 100, 55,948 from 100 to 500, 209 from 500 to 1,000, and 36 over 1,000. The cash value of farms was $1,272,857,776 ; farm- ing implements and machinery, $45,997,712 ; total amount of wages paid during the year, including value of board, $34,451,362. The agricultural productions of New York in 1873, and the number and value of live stock on farms Jan. 1, 1874, as reported by the U. S. department of agriculture, were as follows : PRODUCTIONS AND LIVE STOCK. Quantity and number. Average yield per acre. Number of acres in crop. Total valuation. Indian corn, bushels Wheat " Eye " 17,692,000 7,047,000 1,853,000 27,548,000 5,876,000 2,947,000 24,925,000 2,950,000 4,199,800 659,800 18,900 683,600 1,410,600 2,037,200 651,500 81 13-5 14 81 21-2 19-7 103 1,000 1-02 570,710 522,000 132,357 888,645 277,170 149,594 241,990 2,950 4,117,451 112,384,400 11,275,200 1,593,58.0 V,845,640 6,463,600 2,269,190 13,459,500 824,500 75,596,400 62,732,395 2,328,102 19,742,368 48,023,300 6,844,992 5,086,095 Oats Barley Buckwheat. " Potatoes ... " Tobacco, pounds. . . Hay, tons Horses number Mules Oxen and other cattle " Milch cows... " Sheep " Hogs ... " In 1870 the total estimated value of all farm pro- ductions, including betterments and additions to stock, was $253,526,153; products of orchards, $8,347,417; of market gardens, $3,432,354; of forests, $6,689,179; of home manufactures, $1,621,621 ; of animals slaughtered or sold for slaughter, $28,225,720. The productions were 1,834,330 bushels of spring and 10,344,132 of winter wheat, 2,478,125 of rye, 16,462,825 of Indian corn, 35,293,625 of oats, 7,434,621 of barley, 3,904,030 of buckwheat, 1,152,541 of peas and beans, 28,547,593 of Irish and 10,656 of sweet potatoes, 98,837 of clover and 57,225 of grass seed, 92,519 of flax seed, 5,614,205 tons of hay, 2,349,798 Ibs. of tobacco, 10,599,- 225 of wool, 3,670,818 of flax, 6,692,040 of maple sugar, 896,286 of honey, 86,333 of wax, 82,607 gallons of wine, and 7,832 of sorghum and 46,048 of maple molasses. There were on farms 536,861 horses, 4,407 mules and asses, 1,350,661 milch cows, 64,141 working oxen, 630,522 other cattle, 2,181,578 sheep, and 518,251 swine. The value of live stock was $175,882,712. There were 319,380 horses and 40,906 neat cattle not on farms. According to the census of 1870, more than a sixth of all the capital invested in manufactures in the United States was employed in New York, and more than a sixth of the value of the entire products of the country was the result of New York industry. In the state ranking next, Pennsylvania, nearly $40,000,000 more capital was invested than in New York, but the products of the latter state were valued at upward of $72,000,000 more than those of the former. The capital has increased from $99,904,405 in 1850 to $172,8^5,652 in 1860 and $366,994,320 in 1870; and the total value of products from $237,597,249 in 1850 to $378,870,939 in 1860 and $785,194,651 in 1870. In the last named year, the total number of establishments was 36,206, using 4,664 steam engines of 126,107 horse power, and 9,011 water wheels of 208,256 horse power, and em- ploying 351,800 hands, of whom 267,378 were males above 16, 63,795 females above 15, and 20,627 youth. The materials used amounted to $452,065,452; wages paid, $142,466,758. Not included in the above results for 1870 are the statistics of mining and quarrying, in which industries 5,177 hands were employed, $4,696,091 capital invested, and $4,324,651 worth of products obtained, including 525,493 tons of iron ore valued at $2,095,315, and $1,832,976 worth of stone; and those of fish- eries, in which the products amounted to $235,- 750. The most extensive iron mines are in Essex, Dutchess, Clinton, and Orange cos. The greater portion of the stone was quarried in Ulster co., though a large amount of marble was produced in Westchester co. In the fol- lowing table of the leading industries a com- parison is afforded between the values in New York and in the United States of those products in which the former ranks above all other states. In several other important in- dustries, New York holds a very high but not the first rank. Thus, taking the value of pro- ducts as a standard, the state ranks next to Massachusetts in the production of boots and shoes and paper, to Connecticut in hardware, to Illinois in planed lumber, to Ohio in agri- cultural implements, and to Pennsylvania in brick, carpets other than rag, drugs and chem- cials, iron manufactures, and machinery.