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NEW YORK (STATE) 369 During the year ending Jan. 1, 1875, institutes were held in 58 counties, at a cost to the state of $16,319, and were attended by 11,478 teach- ers; The most important facts concerning the state normal schools for 1873-'4 are as follows : WHERE SITUATED. When opened. Received from state annual appropriation. NORMAL DEPARTHf T. Number of instructors. Number of pupils. Albany Brockport Buffalo 1844 1867 1871 1869 1868 1871 1863 1869 $17,964 83 17,999 36 17,869 82 17,952 94 20,832 08 18,270 10 17,861 14 17,881 90 15 19 12 14 17 16 14 14 544 291 803 899 237 807 429 365 Cortland Fredonia Geneseo Oswego Potsdam Total $146,632 17 121 2,875 Teachers' classes, attended hy 2,044 pupils rang- ing from 10 to 20 weeks, were also maintained in 92 academies designated by the board of re- gents. The university of the state of New York is a corporate body created in 1784, with func- tions mainly of supervision and visitation, and not of instruction. The board of regents of the university, reorganized in 1787, comprises 19 members elected by joint ballot of the legis- lature, besides the governor, lieutenant gover- nor, secretary of state, and superintendent of public instruction. The officers are a chancel- lor, vice chancellor, treasurer, secretary, and assistant secretary. The regents are empow- ered to incorporate and visit literary and medi- cal colleges and academies, and to require from them annual reports as to their system of in- struction, discipline, finances, pupils, &c. These reports or abstracts of them are embodied by the regents in their annual report to the legis- lature. They are also empowered to confer degrees above that of master of arts. They are ex officiis trustees of the state library and of the state museum of natural history; and many valuable papers showing the progress of science and the useful arts are contained in their reports on the museum. The colleges and academies are mainly dependent on private bounty and tuition fees. The state, however, has often made large contributions to their en- dowments, besides establishing the " literature fund," the annual income of which is appro- priated toward the salaries of teachers in the academies. Since 1853 an endowment fund of at least $100,000 paid in or secured has been a condition of the incorporation of a college by the regents. Most of the colleges incorporated since that date have received their charters di- rectly from the legislature. The property and funds of these institutions are vested in trus- tees, and must be used only for public instruc- tion. These trustees are amenable to the legis- lature and the courts. Since 1838 $40,000 de- rived from the literature and United States deposit funds has been annually distributed among the academies, according to the number of pupils holding the regents' certificate of aca- demic scholarship. Besides this, about $18,- 000 is annually distributed to the academies for instruction of teachers, and $3,000 for the pur- chase of books and apparatus. Academic de- partments of union schools are admitted to the benefits of these appropriations on the same terms as academies. There are subject to the visitation of the regents 23 literary and 14 medical colleges, and about 250 academies and academical departments of union schools. This enumeration embraces only incorporated in- stitutions. In order to raise the standard of education and to secure greater fidelity on the part of teachers in the academies, examinations in writing are held by the regents. Each pu- pil who satisfactorily answers the questions re- ceives a certificate which entitles him to certain educational facilities. Since 1863 the univer- sity convocation, comprising the officers of col- leges and academies, has been held annually under the direction of the board of regents, for the consideration of the interests of higher education. Besides the 1,044,364 pupils in the common and 6,515 in the normal schools in 1873-'4, there were 31,421 in academies, 2,675 in colleges, 137,840 in private, 582 in law, and 924 in medical schools; total, 1,224,321. The incorporated colleges and the professional in- stitutions in the state in 1874-'5, excepting those in the city of New York, were as follows : NAME OF INSTITUTION. Where situated. Date of charter. Denomination. Number of in- structor*. Number of student*. Alfred university Alfred Centre 1857 1865 1855 1812 1824 1857 1846 1856 'I860 1870 1795 1846 1861 1870 1851 Seventh-Day Baptist 20 50 13 13 7 17 11 & 8 19 17 9 84 13 5 1 455 521 167 145 52 150 101 54 42 147 160 156 225 89 106 22 Cornell university Ithaca Not denominational Presbyterian Elmira female college Elmira Hamilton college Clinton Presbyterian Hobart college Protestant Episcopal Ingham university (for women) Madison university Le Roy Baptist St. Lawrence university Universalist Protestant Episcopal Syracuse university Methodist Episcopal Union college Union University of Rochester Baptist Not denominational Not denominational SCHOOLS OF LAW. Albany law school Law school, Hamilton college . . . Clinton . . ,