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402 NEW YORK (CITY) prises five years, the first year being intro- ductory. Students may choose between the ancient course, with Latin, Greek, and a mod- Normal College. ern language, and the modern course, with French, German, and Spanish, or Latin instead of German or Spanish. The other studies are the same in both courses and similar to those of other colleges. In the introductory class there is a commercial course for students in- tending to remain but one year. The degree of bachelor of arts is conferred upon those who complete the ancient course, and that of bachelor of science upon those who complete the modern course. There are professorships of philosophy ; of English, Latin, Greek, French, German, and Spanish language and literature respectively; of history and belles-lettres; of mathematics; of mechanics, astronomy, and engineering; of chemistry and physics; of natural history, physiology, and hygiene ; and of descriptive geometry and drawing. The library contains 22,000 volumes, and the repos- itory 9,500 text books. In 1874-'5 there were 14 professors, 20 other instructors, and 824 students, viz. : introductory class, 479 (collegi- ate course 238, commercial course 241) ; fresh- men, 145; sophomores, 102; juniors, 63; se- niors, 35. Of the 345 students in the collegiate classes, 197 were pursuing the ancient and 148 the modern course. The expenditures in 1874 amounted to $162, 11 6 47, of which $128,815 86 was for salaries of instructors and janitors, and $6,548 31 for books and supplies for stu- dents. Of the institutions of learning not con- nected with the city government, Columbia college (Episcopal), the oldest college in the state, situated on Madison avenue and 50th street, is the most prominent. (See COLUMBIA COLLEGE.) Connected with it are a school of mines, a law school, and th^college of physicians and surgeons. The law school is in Great Jones street and Lafayette place. The college of phy- sicians and surgeons has a valuable physiologi- cal museum. It was founded in 1791, char- tered in 1807, and be- came connected with Columbia college in 1860. The building, in 4th avenue and 23d street, is of brick and rather plain in appear- ance. The university of the city of New York, a Gothic white freestone structure in Washington square, 180 by 100 ft., four stories high, with oc- tangular five - story turrets at the angles, was founded in 1831. It has a department of arts and a depart- ment of science, in which instruction is free. A school of art is connected with the scientific department. There are also law and medical departments; the latter is conducted in E. 26th street, op- posite Bellevue hospital. Graduates of the law department as well as of the Columbia college law school are admitted to the New York bar without examination. The number of students in all departments of the university in 1873-'4 was 426, of whom 122 were matric- ulated students in the departments of arts and science, and 15 were art students. The faculty of instruction consisted of 33 professors, 4 ad- junct professors, and 6 assistants, besides the chancellor. St. John's college, at Fordham, has been described in the article FOEDHAM. The college of St. Francis Xavier, in W. 15th street, has besides the usual curriculum post- graduate, grammar, commercial, and prepara- tory departments. It was organized in 1847 and chartered as a college in 1861. Manhattan college, near 131st street and the Boulevard, embraces collegiate, commercial, and prepara- tory courses. These three are Roman Catholic institutions, Manhattan college being under the direction of the Christian Brothers, and St. John's and St. Francis Xavier of the Jesuits. Eutgers female college occupies a handsome edifice in 5th avenue, opposite the distributing reservoir. It has collegiate, academic, and primary departments. It was established in 1838 and chartered as a college in 1867. St. Louis college (Roman Catholic) occupies a fine building in^W. 42d street, and is under the di- rection of the fathers of mercy. It affords various grades of instruction from the kinder- garten to the collegiate. The classics hold a secondary place in its curriculum, special at- tention being paid to modern languages. There