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NODIER NOLLEKENS 473 NODIER, Charles, a French author, born in Besancon about 1782, died in Paris, Jan. 26, 1844. He published novels and poetry, and was known as a grammarian and a bibliog- rapher. Arrested for a short time on account of a satirical effusion against the first consul, he was afterward professor of literature at Dole, and at a later period went to Laybach as a libra- rian of the Bourbon family. In 1824 he be- came librarian of the Paris arsenal. He pub- lished his autobiography (Souvenirs) in 1831, and his complete works in 12 vols., 1832-'4. NOE, Amadee. See CHAM. NOEL, Baptist Wriothestey, an English clergy- man, born in July, 1799, died in London, Jan. 20, 1873. He was a younger brother of the earl of Gainsborough. He was educated at Trinity college, Cambridge, and was one of the chaplains of the queen, and occupied the pulpit of St. John's, Bedford row, London, a proprietary chapel. In 1849 he seceded from the established church, joined the Baptists, and became pastor of John street chapel, where his eloquence attracted large audiences. His "Union of the Church and State" (1849) and writings on baptism have a wide circulation. NOETIANS, a heretical sect which originated in the earlier part of the 3d century.' Its founder, Noetus, was a native of Asia Minor, and had embraced the Monarchian doctrine that there is no distinction between the per- sons of the Godhead. This he made the starting point of his system, saying : " There is one God, the Father, who is invisible when he pleases, and visible when he pleases ; but the same, whether visible or invisible, begot- ten or unbegotten." The Monarchian Praxeas had held that the suffering of the Lord was confined to the human nature, and made a distinction between Christ and Jesus. But Noetus boldly avowed the doctrine of the Pa- tripassians, that the Father suffered in his own person and nature. He was a presbyter at Smyrna, and there declared his doctrine. Be- ing summoned before the synod, he denied or evaded; but afterward, having gained a few adherents, he openly avowed his belief before a second meeting of the synod, and was ex- communicated, about the year 230. He then gathered a body of followers, and formed a school for the propagation of his views. Epi- gonus disseminated the heresy in Rome, where one of his disciples named Cleomenes suc- ceeded in making a convert of the bishop Zephyrinus, who gave a wavering adhesion to the heresy during his long episcopate. The sect had a good number of members, and its doctrines prepared the way for Sabellianism. There seems to have been no attempt to main- tain a separate episcopal succession after the death of Zephyrinus. NOGGERATH, Jakob, a German geologist, born in Bonn, Oct. 10, 1788. In 1814 he became professor of mineralogy and geology in the university of Bonn. His chief works are: Das Gelirge in BJieinland- Westphalen (7 vols., Bonn, 1821-'6) ; Der Ban der Erdrinde nach demheutigen Standpunlcteder Creognosie(1838); Die Entstehung der Erde (1843) ; Die Entste- hung und Ausbildung der Erde (Stuttgart, 1847) ; and Die Erdbeben im Rheingebiet in denJahren 1868-'70 (Bonn, 1870). NOGRAD, a county of N. W. Hungary, bor- dering on Zolyom, Gomor, Heves, Pesth, and Hont; area, 1,685 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 198,- 269, consisting of Magyars, Slovaks, and Ger- mans. The N. portion is mountainous and sterile, the S. very fertile. Sheep breeding, the lumber trade, and woollen manufactures are the chief industries. The principal rivers are the Eipel, a tributary of the Danube, and the Zagy- va, of the Theiss. Capital, Balassa-Gyarmath. NOIR, Victor, a French journalist, whose real name was Yvan Salmon, born at Attigny, July 27, 1848, killed at Auteuil, Jan. 10, 1870. After having been a mechanic and a florist, he became connected with Rochefort's journal, La Marseillaise, and was deputed by Paschal Grousset to call upon Prince Pierre Bonaparte to demand reparation for an offensive news- paper article. An altercation ensued, and the prince shot Noir, who died almost instantly. (See BONAPARTE, PIERRE, vol. iii., p. 36.) NOLA, a city of Italy, in the province of Caserta, 15 m. E. K E. of Naples, and 7 m. N. of Mt. Vesuvius ; pop. about 12,000. It is one of the oldest cities of Campania, and in 327 B. 0. sent 2,000 soldiers to the aid of Palseopolis and Neapolis against the Romans, to whom it became subject in 313. Hannibal made three unsuccessful attacks on Nola. It has a museum of antiquities, and the sepulchres here have supplied Etruscan vases to the museums of Eu- rope. The emperor Augustus and his general Marcus Agrippa both died in the town; and it was the birthplace of Giordano Bruno. St. Paulmus was bishop of Nola in the 5th century. MOLDEKE, Theodor, a German orientalist, born in Harburg, March 2, 1836, died in Janu- ary, 1875. He graduated at Gottingen in 1861, and was professor at Kiel from 1864 to 1872, when he was transferred to Strasburg. His principal works are: Geschichte des Korans (Gottingen, 1860) ; Das Leben Mohammeds (Hanover, 1863) ; Beitrage zur Eenntniss der Poesie der alien Araber (1864) ; Die alttesta- mentliche Literatur (Leipsic, 1868) ; Gram- matik der neusyrischen Sprache (1868) ; Uh- tersuchungen zur Kritik des Alien Testaments (Kiel, 1869); and Die Inschrift des Konigs Mesa von Moal (1870). NOLLEKENS, John, an English sculptor, born in London, Aug. 11, 1737, died there, April 23, 1832. He was the son of an Antwerp painter who settled in London; and he ac- quired his art in the studio of the sculptor Scheemakers. In 1759-'60 he obtained several prizes from the society of arts, and afterward spent ten years in Rome, returning to London in 1770. He executed portrait busts of many eminent men, several monumental works, and a number of statues of classical subjects, the