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42 MUNICH barely 2,000. Charitable institutions are nu- merous; the most prominent are those for the blind and deaf and dumb, and the new lunatic asylum in the Au suburb. The peni- tentiary, or great prison, in the same locality, is one of the most remarkable establishments of the kind in Germany, resembling a manu- factory in which every handicraft is carried on, the prisoners, male and female, being obliged to work at their respective trades. Among the finest official buildings are the war and post offices, the mint, the office of the mining and salt works, and the renovated city hall (Rathhaus). The Ludwig-Maximilian univer- sity, founded in Ingolstadt in 1472, and in 1800 transferred to Landshut, was removed to Munich in 1826, and has since attained world-wide celebrity, particularly under the reign of Maximilian II. (1848-' 64). The 400th anniversary of its foundation was celebrated in 1872. In the winter term of 1874-'5 it was attended by 1,145 stu- dents, including 80 in Koman Catholic theol- ogy, 223 in jurispru- dence, &c., 307 in medi- cine and pharmacy, and 432 in philosophy. Con- nected with it were 113 professors, one of whom is Dr. Dollinger. At- tached to the univer- sity, which occupies a new and imposing edi- fice, are the Georgianum or theological school, a philological seminary, anatomical and clini- cal institutions, and the general hospital. The royal polytechnic school, founded within the last generation, has rapidly risen to great impor- tance, and was attended in 1875 by upward of 1,300 students. A fine building was appropria- ted in 1863 for an athenamm for training young ^ [r> the , civil Sen7ice ' and contains Kaul- bach's "Battle of Salamis," one of 100 paintings illustrating universal history. There are many other educational institutions in Munich, ex- tending over every specialty of military and civil instruction, and including a Catholic nor- mal seminary. The libraries of Munich are ex- tensive and numerous. The most celebrated is ^7- r /rK 01 ' P ^ liG HbraiT ( H f- und Staats- bibliothelc), a splendid building in the Ludwig street, resembling an Italian medieval palace d containing a reading room, 900,000 vol- umes, and 22,000 manuscripts, the books from suppressed monasteries greatly contributing to swell the number. Next in extent is the uni- versity library, with 230,000 volumes and 2 000 manuscripts. The academy of sciences is rich in scientific co lections, and has jurisdiction over the cabinet of antiquities in the old royal palace, the chemical laboratory established by Liebig, the botanic garden and the new palm house, and the observatory and meteorological bureau, near the neighboring village of Bogen- hausen. The academy of fine arts, including the Schwanthaler and other museums, is de- voted to architecture, .sculpture, drawing, and engraving. Piloty succeeded Kaulbach as pres- ident in 1874. A plot of ground near the Sie- gesthor was in 1874 purchased by the govern- ment for the erection of a new building for the academy. The Glyptothek or sculpture gallery is surrounded by pleasure grounds, and con- sists of 12 halls named after the statues which they contain. The 1st is filled with Egyp- tian sculptures, and the 2d with the earliest Greek and Etruscan; the 3d with JEginetan antiquities, which are especially celebrated for the marbles discovered in 1811 and restored by Thorwaldsen ; the 4th (the hall of Apollo) is devoted to the works of Phidias; the 5th The Glyptothek. (hall of Bacchus) contains the sleeping or Bar- berini faun, and other famous works; the 6th (hall of the sons of Niobe) is remarkable for a kneeling figure of Ilioneus, the youngest son of Niobe ; the 7th (hall of the gods) is de- voted to heathen mythology, and the 8th (Tro- jan hall) to the heroes of Homer ; in the 9th (hall of heroes), are statues of Alexander the Great and Nero ; the 10th (Roman hall) is re- markable for its decoration, and contains busts which exhibit the decline of Pvoman art ; the llth is the hall of colored sculpture; and the 12th is that of modern statuary, containing Ihorwaldsen's Adonis and bust of King Louis 1. Ihe Pmakothek or picture gallery, a more extensive building than the Glyptothek, like the latter designed by Klenze, was completed in 1880. It contains about 1,300 paintings, con- sisting of the best works of the royal collec- tions, arranged according to schools in 9 halls and 23 compartments, the large works of each school being placed in the central hall, which