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524 NOVA SCOTIA ers for the counties and of trustees for the dif- ferent sections or districts. The number of schools in operation during the summer term ending Oct. 81, 1874, was 1,673 ; number of teachers, 1,744 (602 males and 1,142 females) ; number of pupils registered, 79,910; average daily attendance, 46,233 ; number of different children at school some portion of the year ending on the above date, 93,512 (48,604 males and 44,908 females) ; number of school sections, 1,932, of which 210 had no school any por- tion of the year; value of school property, $830,926 41 ; number of pupils for whom ac- commodation is provided, 88,258. Included in the above figures are 10 county academies, with 45 teachers and 2,614 pupils enrolled du- ring the year. Aid was granted from the pro- vincial treasury to four special academies, hav- ing 14 teachers and 370 pupils, and also to Mount Allison male and female academies in New Brunswick. There are five colleges, as follows, with their statistics for 1874: NAME. Location. Date of foundation. Denomination. Number of in- structors. Number of students. Volumes in library. Windsor 1788 Episcopal . 5 17 6400 St Mary's college Halifax 1840 Roman Catholic 4 46 1 400 Dalhousie college and university Halifax 1820 Presbyterian 7 78 1373 Wolfville 1837 Baptist 7 89 8417 St Francis Xavier college Antigonish. 1855 Roman Catholic 3 41 2)96 These receive small grants from the provincial treasury, as does also Mount Allison college in New Brunswick. In Dalhousie university a medical department was organized in 1868, which in 1874 had 11 professors and 29 stu- dents. In Halifax is situated the theological department of the college of the Presbyterian church of the lower provinces of British North America. The Halifax school of medicine was incorporated in 1873. The provincial normal and model schools are at Truro. The number of teachers in the normal school in 1874 was 4; of pupils, 118. In the model school there were 9 teachers and about 550 pupils. The census of 1871 enumerates five young ladies' boarding schools, with 146 pupils. The total expenditure for educational purposes in 1874 was $619,361 87, viz. : public schools, $552,- 221 40; normal and model schools, $4,733; special academies, $26,970; colleges, $35,337 47. Of these sums $175,013 65 was derived from the provincial treasury, viz. : for public schools, $157,480 65; for normal and model schools, $4,733; for special academies, $6,800; for colleges, $6,000. Of the expenditure for public schools, $107,301 39 was derived from county tax and $287,349 30 from taxation in the different school sections. The number of news- papers and periodicals published in the province in 1874 was 38, viz. : 4 daily, 5 tri-weekly, 24 weekly, 1 bi-weekly, and 4 monthly. The fol- lowing table from the census of 1871 gives the number of churches, buildings attached, and adherents of the principal denominations : DENOMINATIONS. Churches. Buildings. Adherents. Baptist 234 267 73894 Episcopal 142 193 55124 Methodist 157 196 40871 Presbyterian 197 222 103539 Roman Catholic 120 182 102001 Miscellaneous 47 47 12,871 Total 897 1 107 887 800 Of the Baptists 19,032 were Freewill Baptists, and of the Methodists 38,683 were Wesleyans. Among the miscellaneous are included 4,958 Lu- therans, 2,538 Congregationalists, 1,555 Chris- tian Conference, 869 Adventists, 647 Univer- salists, and 128 Bible Believers. Nova Scotia is said to have been discovered by the Cabots in 1497; but the first attempt to colonize it was made by De Monts and some other French- men, together with a few Jesuits, in 1604. They called the country Acadia, and for eight years made efforts to form settlements at Port Eoyal (now Annapolis) and some other places ; but they were at length expelled by the colo- nists of Virginia, who claimed Nova Scotia by right of original discovery. In 1621 Sir Wil- liam Alexander obtained a grant of the penin- sula from James I., and in the patent it was called Nova Scotia. Alexander's intention was to colonize the country upon an extensive scale ; but when the colonists arrived, in 1623, they found the localities where they intended to form settlements already occupied by foreign adven- turers, and returned to their native country. In the reign of Charles I. the Nova Scotia bar- onets were created. They were not to exceed 150 in number, and were in fact a kind of joint stock company for colonizing the country. (See ALEXANDER, WILLIAM.) The French ob- tained a footing in Nova Scotia a second time, and were not subdued till Cromwell sent a strong force against them in 1654. England ceded the country to France by the treaty of Breda in 1667 ; but the English continued from time to time to ravage the French settlements, and in 1713 Nova Scotia was restored to them. For some years it was much neglected ; but in 1748 efforts were made to colonize it by emi- grants sent out at the expense of the British government. Some 4,000 settlers and their families reached the colony in this way, and founded the town of Halifax. The French, who were still numerous, caused considerable annoyance and loss to the English by joining the Indians in making war upon them, and they were at length mostly expelled. (See ACADIA.) A constitution, with an elective as- sembly, was granted to Nova Scotia in 1758 ;