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OLIVIER OLLA PODRIDA 619 and there with bare rock, and dotted with the olive trees from which the mountain takes its name. From this central summit, according to a very old tradition, the ascension of Jesus took place ; and a church was built here by the empress Helena on the site of one now occu- pied by the Armenians. The garden of Geth- semane lies on the declivity near the foot of the hill. The central summit is apparently the highest, but, according to the latest and most accurate surveys, the northern exceeds it by about 20 ft. Toward the north the ridge Mount of Olives. sweeps around to the west and spreads out into the high level tract of the city. On the south it sinks down into a lower ridge over against the "well of Nehemiah," now called by the Franks the "Mount of Offence," in allusion to the idolatrous worship established by Solomon " in the hill that is before Jerusalem." From this summit the Dead sea may be seen. On the east the mount of Olives overlooks the " wil- derness of Judah," which stretches over a suc- cession of desolate hills for 10 m., and is then bounded by the valley of the Jordan. The road to Bethany passes over Mt. Olivet. The Saviour used to sit here with his disciples, and retire hither alone to rest and pray. Here he delivered some of his parables, and passed the last night before he was seized and delivered up to Pontius Pilate. OLIVIER, Gnillanme Antoine, a French entomol- ogist, born at Les Arcs, near Toulon, Jan. 19, 1756, died in Lyons, Oct. 1, 1814. He gradua- ted M. D. at Montpellier, and afterward gave his attention exclusively to the natural sciences. In 1792 he and Brugui^res were sent by govern- ment on a scientific mission to Persia, return- ing in 1798; and Olivier published Voynge dans Vempire ottoman, VEgypte et la Perse (6 vols. 8vo, Paris, 1801-'7). His Histoire na- turelle des coleopteres, of which the first part appeared in 1789, was brought to a conclusion in 1808, in 6 vols. 4to, with 363 plates. His Dictionnai 1 ) e de Vhistoire naturelle des insectes, papillons, crustacees, &c. (7 vols. 4to, 1789- 1825), was completed after his death. OLIVIER, Juste Daniel, a Swiss poet, born at Eysins, Yaud, Oct. 18, 1807. He studied at Lausanne, where he gained a prize in 1825 for his poem Marcos Botzaris. He was professor of history and literature at Neuf chatel and Lau- sanne till 1842, when through political com- plications he settled in Paris. His works com- prise five volumes of poetry (1830-'35), and his Chansons lointaines (Paris, 1847; new ed., 1854) are his finest productions. Among his prose writings are : Le canton de Vaud (2 vols., Lausanne, 1837-'41), Etudes d'Mstoire natio- nale (1842), Mouvement intellectuel de la Suisse (Paris, 1847), and several novels. OLIVIER, Theodore, a French mathematician, born in Lyons before 1800, died there in 1853. He was educated at the polytechnic school in Paris, and became a teacher there. In 1830 he was appointed professor of descriptive geom- etry in the conservatoire des arts et metiers. His principal works are : Tkeorie geometrique des engrenages (Paris, 1842) ; Developpements de geometric descriptive (1843); Cours de geome- tric descriptive (3 vols. 4to, 1845 ; 2d ed ; , 2 vols. 4to, 1855) ; Complements de geometric descriptive (1845) ; and Memoires de geometrie descriptive (1851). He is ranked as one of the ablest writers on descriptive geometry and its applications. OLLA PODRIDA (Span., putrid mess), a Span- ish national dish, consisting of several kinds of meat cut up into small pieces, and stewed with a variety of vegetables. The dish is a great favorite with the poor, and is kept so long that