Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XII.djvu/647

ONTARIO 633 Genesee, Canandaigua outlet, and Mud creek, tributaries of the Clyde ; area, 606 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 45,108. Its surface is hilly and broken toward the south, undulating toward the north, and the soil is generally very fer- tile. Several beautiful lakes lie in the county, among which are Canandaigua, Honeoye, Ca- nadice, and Hemlock. Seneca lake lies partly on the E. border. The New York Central and the Northern Central railroads traverse it. The chief productions in 1870 were 863,558 bushels of wheat, 727,661 of Indian corn, 898,- 568 of oats, 557,084 of barley, 37,204 of buck- wheat, 584,259 of potatoes, 1,288,820 Ibs. of butter, 96,493 of cheese, 743,306 of wool, 605,- 910 of hops, and 78,499 tons of hay. There were 13,324 horses, 11,789 milch cows, 10,657 other cattle, 131,485 sheep, and 12,076 swine; 11 manufactories of agricultural implements, 9 of brick, 27 of carriages and wagons, 7 of iron castings, 4 of tanned and 4 of curried leather, 8 of malt, 2 of woollen goods, 20 flour mills, 28 saw mills, 4 planing mills, and 2 brew- eries. Capital, Canandaigua. ONTARIO (formerly UPPER CANADA or CAN- ADA WEST), a province of the Dominion of Can- ada, situated between lat. 41 30' and 50 30' N., and Ion. 74 25' and 90 30' W. ; area, according to the latest and most trustworthy estimates, 107,780 sq. m. Commencing at the W. extrem- ity, it is bounded N. by the Northwest territo- ries ; N. E. by the province of Quebec, from which it is mostly separated by the Ottawa river ; E. by the portion of Quebec between the Ottawa and St. Lawrence ; S. E. by the St. Lawrence river, Lake Ontario, the Niagara river, and Lake Erie, which separate it from Quebec, New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio ; W. by the Detroit river, Lake St. Clair, the river St. Clair, Lake Hnron, and St. Mary's river or strait, which separate it from Michi- gan ; W. and S. by Lake Superior, separating it from Michigan ; S. by Pigeon river, separa- ting it from Minnesota ; and then W. by the Northwest territories. It consists of an irreg- ular triangle, of which the sides are formed by the Ottawa river on the northeast, the St. Lawrence, Lake Ontario, Niagara river, and Lake Erie on the southeast, and the Detroit river, Lake St. Clair, the river St. Clair, Lake Huron, French river, Lake Nipissing, and the Matawan river on the northwest, and of a strip, varying in width from about 30 to near- ly 200 m., stretching W. from French river along the N. shores of Lakes Huron and Supe- rior, and comprising an area of about 45,000 sq. m. The N. boundary, formed by the height of land that divides the waters flowing into Hudson bay from those flowing into Lakes Huron and Superior, is irregular, and has not been surveyed. From the E. extremity of the province, near the junction of the Ottawa and St. Lawrence, S. W. to the Detroit river, the distance is about 480 m. From the former point 'N. W. around the shores of the lakes to Pigeon river it is about 900 m. The distance N. and S. between Lake Ontario and Georgian bay is 70 m. ; E. and W. between Ontario and Huron, 100 m. ; N. and S. between Erie and Huron, 50 m. ; and E. and W. between the Ni- agara and St. Clair rivers, 170 m. The prov- ince is divided for municipal and judicial pur- poses into 37 counties or unions of counties, and 5 judicial districts, viz. : Algoma (district), Brant, Bruce, Carleton, Elgin, Essex, Fronte- nac, Grey, Haldimand, Haliburton (provisional), Halton, Hastings, Huron, Kent, Lambton, La- nark, Leeds and Grenville, Lennox and Ad- dington, Lincoln, Middlesex, Muskoka (district), Nipissing (district), Norfolk, Northumberland and Durham, Ontario, Oxford, Parry Sound (district), Peel, Perth, Peterborough, Prescott and Russell, Prince Edward, Renfrew, Simcoe, Stormont, Dundas, and Glengarry (the last three united), Thunder Bay (district), Victoria, Waterloo, Welland, Wellington, Wentworth, and York. Bothwell, Cardwell, and Monck are legislative electoral districts, formed from portions of counties. The cities with their number of inhabitants in 1871 are as follows : Toronto, the capital of the province, 56,092 ; Hamilton, 26,716; Ottawa, the capital of the Dominion, 21,545 ; London, 15,826 ; and King- ston, 12,407. The largest towns are Brant- ford, pop. 8,107; St. Catharines, 7,864; Belle- ville, 7,305 ; Guelph, 6,878 ; Chatham, 5,873 ; Port Hope, 5,114 ; and Brockville, 5,102. Oth- er towns and villages in the order of popula- tion, with more than 2,000 inhabitants each, are Peterborough, Cobourg, Stratford, Windsor, Lindsay, Ingersoll, Woodstock, Goderich, Gait, Barrie, Owen Sound, Strathroy, Oshawa, Dun- das, St. Mary's, Bowmanville, Napanee, Sarnia, Collingwood, Whitby, Petrolia, Paris, Prescott, Perth, Picton, Yorkville, St. Thomas, Bramp- ton, Almonte, Cornwall, Gananoque, and Clin- ton. Sault Ste. Marie (pop. 879), on St. Mary's strait, is the principal place in the N. W. part of the province. Ontario is the most populous province in the Dominion, and its growth has been very rapid. The population in 1791 was about 65,000. According to subsequent cen- suses, it has been as follows: 1821, 122,716; 1830, 210,437; 1839, 407,515; 1848, 723,292; 1851, 952,004; 1861, 1,396,091; 1871, 1,620,- 851, of whom 1,131,334 were born in the prov- ince, 40,476 in Quebec, 7,852 in other parts of British America, 124,062 in England and Wales, 153,000 in Ireland, 90,807 in Scotland, 22,827 in Germany, and 43,406 in the United States. Of the total, 559,442 were of Irish, 439,429 of English, 328,889 of Scotch, 158,608 of German, 75,383 of French, 19,992 of Dutch, 13,435 of African, and 5,282 of Welsh origin ; and 12,978 were Indians (chiefly Iroquois or Six Nations, with some Oneidas, Munsees, Wy- andots, Ottawas, Pottawattamies, Mississaguas, Mohawks, Ojibways, &c.). There were 828,590 males and 792,261 females, 292,221 families, and 286,018 occupied dwellings. There were 57,379 persons 20 years old and upward (29,- 406 males and 27,973 females) unable to read,