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OWEN and became chairman of its revision committee. In that convention, and afterward in the legis- lature, he introduced measures securing to the women of Indiana independent rights of prop- erty. In 1853 he was appointed charge d'af- faires at Naples, and in 1855 minister, remain- ing there till 1858. In the spring of 1860 he had a discussion on divorce with Horace Gree- ley, which appeared originally in the " Tribune," and afterward in a pamphlet, which obtained a circulation of 60,000 copies. During the civil war he published various letters to mem- bers of the cabinet and to the president, advo- cating the policy of emancipating the slaves. In 1863 he published an address to the citizens of Indiana, showing the disastrous consequen- ces that would follow from the success of the effort then making by certain politicians to reconstruct the Union with New England left out. Of this address the Union league of New York published 50,000 copies, and the Phila- delphia Union league 25,000 copies. He has been for many years a prominent believer in the phenomena called spiritualism. His prin- cipal works are : " An Outline of the System of Education at New Lanark" (Glasgow, 1824); " Moral Physiology " (New York, 1831) ; " Dis- cussion with Origen Bachelor on the Person- ality of God and the Authenticity of the Bi- ble " (1832) ; " Pocahontas," a historical drama (1837) ; " Hints on Public Architecture," with 113 illustrations (1849); "Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World" (Philadelphia, 1860) ; " The Wrong of Slavery and the Eight of Emancipation " (1864) ; " Beyond the Break- ers," a novel (1870) ; " The Debatable Land between this World and the Next " (New York, 1872) ; and " Threading My Way," being 27 years of autobiography (1874). His "Foot- falls " treats of the spontaneous phenomena of spiritualism, and "The Debatable Land" opens with an address to the Protestant clergy on the present attitude of the religious world, while the body of the work sets forth the evi- dences of spiritual phenomena in general. III. David Dale, an American geologist, brother of the preceding, born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, June 24, 1807, died in New Harmony, Ind., Nov. 13, 1860. He was educated with his brother at Hofwyl, and in 1825 accompanied his father to New Harmony. He afterward passed two years in studying geology and other branches of natural science in Europe, and in 1833 took up his permanent residence in the United States. In 1837 he was em- ployed by the legislature of Indiana to make a geological reconnoissance of the state, the results of which were published in a small work (new ed., 1859). He subsequently, under instructions from the general land office, made a minute examination of the mineral lands of Iowa ; and in 1848 he was employed by the government to conduct the geological survey of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota. The re- sult of three years' labor in this extensive field was in 1852 published by congress in a 4to 625 VOL. xii. 48 OWL 751 volume, accompanied by numerous maps and illustrations. From 1852 to 1857 he conducted the survey of Kentucky, the report of which appeared in four volumes and an atlas (Frank- fort, 1856-'61). In 1857 he was appointed state geologist of Arkansas, and the report of his survey was published in 1858-'60. He also conducted various important examinations for individuals and corporations. OWEN, William, an English painter, born in Ludlow, Shropshire, in 1769, died in London, Feb. 11, 1825. He was instructed in painting by Oatton and Sir Joshua Reynolds, and in 1792 exhibited at Somerset house a portrait and a landscape. He painted the portraits of some of the most celebrated men of his day, including William Pitt and Lord Grenville. In 1806 he became a royal academician. He de- clined the honor of knighthood as an expen- sive distinction. Among his works were some fancy pieces, including " The Daughter of the Beggar of Bethnal Green," "The Sleeping Girl," " The Children in the Wood," &c. OWM SOUND, a town, port of entry, and the capital of Grey co., Ontario, Canada, at the outlet of the river Sydenhani into Owen sound, and at the terminus of a branch of the Toronto, Grey, and Bruce railway, 123 m. by rail N. W. of Toronto; pop. in 1871, 3,369. It is pleasantly situated on a small plain sur- rounded on three sides by wooded heights, and contains a commodious town hall, court house, a number of stores, hotels, and churches. The sound, which is the best harbor on Lake Hu- ron, admits the largest class of lake vessels. It is 12m. from the town to its mouth in Geor- gian bay, where it is 5 m. wide. A large num- ber of vessels are engaged in the grain and lumber trade. There are manufactories of mill machinery, turbine water wheels, agricultural implements, engines, sewing machines, leather, wooden ware, and woollens, two breweries, flour and saw mills, five large grain warehouses and elevators, and three weekly newspapers. OWL, the general name of the nocturnal birds of prey constituting the family of strigidce, of which there are 5 subfamilies, 13 genera, and about 150 species, more than 40 of which in- habit America. Owls may be recognized by their short and bulky form, with head dispro- portionately large, fully feathered, and often furnished with erectile tufts like the ears of quadrupeds ; the eyes are very large, directed forward, more or less surrounded by a disk of radiating bristly feathers, and in most formed for seeing in twilight or at night, presenting a vacant stare when exposed to daylight ; lores densely covered with bristly feathers directed forward, nearly concealing the short, strong, and hooked bill ; ears large, with a kind of operculum or cover, enabling them to hear slight noises in the stillness of night; the wings are generally moderate, broad, and rounded, the outer edge of the primaries with separated barbs, adapted for vigorous and noiseless but not rapid flight in pursuit of liv-