Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XII.djvu/804

790 PAGET portrait of Gov. Marcy for the New York city hall, and that of John Quincy Adams for Fa- neuil hall in Boston. Besides portraits, he ex- ecuted several historical compositions, among which were a "Holy Family," now in the Boston Athenaeum, " The Wife's Last Visit to her Condemned Husband," and " The Infancy of Henri IV." About 1844 he went to Boston to reside, and painted there a large number of portraits. In 1847 he returned to New York, where he remained two years, and then went to Europe, residing 11 years in Florence and Rome, and returning to New York in the au- tumn of 1860. For four or five years subse- quently he resided at Eagleswood, near Perth Amboy, N. J., and then built a house at the southern end of Staten island for his family, while he passes most of his time at his studio in New York. During his residence in Italy he painted the portraits of many distinguish- ed Englishmen and Americans, and produced his two Venuses, his "Moses and Aaron on Mount Horeb," the "Flight into Egypt," the "Infant Bacchus," and other works. His copies of Titian, whose method of painting he professes to have discovered, were so remark- ably like the originals, that one of them was stopped by the authorities at Florence under the belief that it was the original painting. Since his return to America he has delivered several courses of lectures on art, and has pub- lished a " New Method of Measuring the Human Body," based upon the models of the antique. In May, 1871, he was elected president of the academy of design, which office he held for two years. For several years he has been oc- cupied with producing a bust of Shakespeare from photographs of a supposed mask of the poet taken after his death and now preserved in Germany. In 1874 he made a visit to Ger- many to study this mask. From the bust he has painted several portraits of Shakespeare. Among other portraits, he has painted those of Henry Ward Beecher, Charles A. Dana, Parke Godwin, Wendell Phillips, and Admiral Farragut. The last, a full-length represent- ing Farragut at the battle of Mobile, was pur- chased by a committee in 1871 and presented to the emperor of Russia. A portrait of Christ painted and exhibited in 1870 attracted great attention, and excited much controversy. PAGET, Sir James, an English surgeon, born in Great Yarmouth in 1814. He is the son of a merchant, and was educated at the medical school connected with St. Bartholomew's hos- pital in London. He began practice there in 1834, and became sergeant surgeon extraor- dinary to the queen and surgeon to the prince of Wales. He received the degree of D. C. L. from Oxford, of M. D. from Bonn, and of LL. D. from Edinburgh, is a member of the sen- ate of the university of London, and was cre- ated a baronet in 1871. Among his works are " Lectures on Surgical Pathology " (1853-'68). PAGODA, a kind of temple common in Chi- na and Indo-China, and especially in Burmah. PAINE Chinese pagodas are generally towers nine sto- ries high. The most celebrated of these was the porcelain tower at Nanking, called the tower of gratitude from having been erected (1413-'32) as a monument of gratitude to an empress of the Ming dynasty, and destroyed during the Taiping rebellion. (See NANKING.) Almost every town in China has one or more of these structures, all alike in design, but dif- fering in dimensions and in the richness of the materials and ornaments. The Burmese pago- das are square edifices of great extent, the base comprising porticoes and central chambers, and terminating upward in octagonal or polygonal straight-lined pyramids or spires. The prin- cipal of these temples is called Khomado, and is on the bank of the Irrawaddy nearly oppo- site Ava. It is 160 ft. high, surmounted by a spire 22 ft. high and 15 ft. in diameter. The circumference of its base is 944 ft., and it is surrounded by a stockade of 802 dwarf pillars of sandstone about 5 ft. high. The next great pagoda of Burmah is the Shoemadoo at Pegu, which rises to the height of 361 ft. with a diameter at the base of 395 ft. Throughout Burmah these edifices abound. PAHLEJV, Peter Louis, count, a Russian con- spirator, born about 1750, died in 1826. He was a cavalry officer, and in 1790 became am- bassador at Stockholm, in 1793 governor of Livonia, and in 1796 lieutenant governor of the newly acquired province of Courland. Under Paul I. he was made count, general of cavalry, and military governor of St. Petersburg (1801), and succeeded Rostoptchin as the principal favorite. Being afraid of losing the empe- ror's good will, he took part in the conspiracy which resulted in Paul's assassination (March 23, 1801), and spent the rest of his life in dis- grace. His son PETER (1777-1864) displayed ability in the campaigns against Napoleon and in the warfare against Turkey, and was ambas- sador at Paris from 1835 to 1841, and general inspector of cavalry from 1847 to 1862. The latter's brother FREDERICK (1780-1863) was minister at Washington and Munich, and ne- gotiated together with Orloff in 1829 the trea- ty of Adrianople. PAILLERON, Edonard, a French dramatist, born in' Paris in 1834. He began life as clerk of a notary, and published in 1860 a volume of satirical poetry and a play. Among his most successful subsequent productions are : Le dernier quartier, produced at the Theatre Francais in 1863 ; Le second monument, at the Ode"on in 1865 ; Le monde, oil Von s'amme, at the Gymnase in 1868 ; and Les faux menages, his best comedy, 1869. PAINE, Martyn, an American physician, born in Williamstown, Vt., July 8, 1794. He grad- uated at Harvard college in 1813, studied med- icine in Boston, and practised in Montreal, Canada, from 1816 to 1822, when he removed to New York. During the prevalence of the cholera in 1832 he published a series of letters upon the disease to Dr. J. C. Warren of Bos-