Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIV.djvu/631

SAN JOSE city contains a woollen mill, three founderies and machine shops, three flouring mills, three planing mills, five or six carriage factories, three breweries, three distilleries, two large fruit-drying establishments, one fruit-canning establishment, three candy factories, two glove factories, a broom factory, a tannery, a starch factory, and a furniture factory. The bank- ing institutions are a national gold bank and three banks of discount and deposit, with sa- vings departments; aggregate capital, $2,350,- 000. The public schools are graded. The col- lege of Notre Dame (Roman Catholic), a day and boarding school for girls, founded in 1851 and incorporated in 1855, has a fine building and extensive grounds. The San Jose institute and business college, a day and boarding school for both sexes, founded in 1862, has commo- dious buildings. At Santa Clara, 3 m. W., is Santa Clara college, under the management of the Jesuits, founded in 1851 and incorporated in 1855. It occupies a number of elegant build- ings in an enclosure of about 12 acres. Be- tween Santa Clara and the city is the univer- sity of the Pacific (Methodist Episcopal), con- nected with which is a young ladies' seminary. The university was founded in 1852, and has been recently removed from Santa Clara. San Jose has an opera house seating 1,200, and an elegant and commodious music hall. The San Jose library association, incorporated in 1872, has 4,000 volumes. Three daily and three weekly newspapers and a monthly periodical are published. There are Baptist, Episcopal, Friends', Jewish, Methodist, Presbyterian, and Roman Catholic churches, and a Unitarian so- ciety. San Jose was settled by the Spaniards before 1800, but remained merely a collection of adobe huts till after the cession of the coun- try to the United States. The legislature of California held its first session here in the winter of 1849-'50, and assembled here again the following winter, but soon removed to Vallejo. SAN JOSE, a city and the capital of the repub- lic of Costa Rica, near the head waters of the Rio Grande, almost midway between the At- lantic and the Pacific ; lat. 9 54' N., Ion. 84 3' W. ; pop. about 26,000. It lies in a pictu- resque valley, 4,500 ft. above the sea, formed between the Herradura mountains on the south and those of Barba on the north. Its streets are laid out with great regularity, but the build- ings are low and unimposing. Among the best of the latter are the cathedral, the episco- pal palace, and the government buildings. A railway is in course of construction (1875) to connect it with Punta Arenas, its port on the Pacific, and with Limon on the Atlantic. The national bank of Costa Rica was established here in 1873, with a capital of $2,000,000. San Jose became the seat of government after the destruction of Cartago, the former capital, by an earthquake, Sept. 2, 1841. SAN JUAN, an island of Washington terri- tory, in Washington sound, between the gulf 723 VOL. xiv. 39 SAN JUAN DE NICARAGUA 007 of Georgia on the north, the strait of Fuca on the south, Rosario strait on the east, and the canal de Haro on the west, about lat. 48 30' N., Ion. 123 W. ; length 15 m., greatest breadth 7 m. ; area, about 60 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 376, including the American garrison of 98 men, but exclusive of the British garrison. The N. part is mountainous and heavily timbered ; the S. part has many beautiful and fertile prairies, and excellent pasturage. Coal and limestone are found. The adjacent waters abound in cod, halibut, salmon, and other fish. This and several smaller islands were included in What- com co. till 1873, when they were formed into the county of San Juan. The largest of the other islands are Orcas, about 60 sq. m., and Lopez, about 30 sq. m. The rest have an aggregate area of about 50 sq. m., the princi- pal being Blakely, Decatur, Shaw, Waldron, Henry, Spieden, Stuart, and Sucia. Total area of the county, about 200 sq. m. The popula- tion of Orcas island in 1870 was 108; of Lo- pez, 48 ; of the others, except San Juan, 22 ; and of the entire group, 554, including 72 Indians; white population in 1874, 545. San Juan derives its chief importance from the dis- pute respecting its possession between Great Britain and the United States. The treaty of June 15, 1846, for the settlement of the Ore- gon boundary, fixed upon the 49th parallel as the line to "the middle of the channel which separates the continent from Vancouver isl- and, and thence southerly through the middle of said channel and of Fuca's straits to the Pacific ocean." Subsequently Great Britain claimed that Rosario strait was the channel intended, while the United States insisted upon the canal de Haro, leaving Washington sound with its numerous islands in dispute. In No- vember, 1859, an arrangement was entered into between the two governments for a tem- porary joint military occupation, in pursuance of which a British garrison was established in the N. part and an American garrison in the S. By article 34 of the treaty of Washington, May 8, 1871, the question in dispute was re- ferred to the arbitration of the emperor of Germany, who in October, 1872, decided in favor of the United States; and in the fol- lowing month the British garrison was with- drawn. See vol. v. of "Papers relating to the Treaty of Washington," published by the department of state (1872). SAN JUAN DE NICARAGUA, San Joan del Norto, or Greytown, a port of Nicaragua, on a promon- tory near the mouth of the river San Juan, on the Caribbean sea, in lat. 10 56' N., Ion., 83 45' W. ; pop. about 300. The houses, none of which have more than two stories, are now in a state of decay. San Juan derives its chief importance from being the principal port of Nicaragua on its E. coast. It was occupied by a British force in 1848 as belonging to the "Mosquito kingdom," became prominent as the terminus of the Nicaragua transit in 1858, when its inhabitants organized an independent