Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIV.djvu/737

SCOTUS troops from the buildings, but this was soon suppressed, order was established, and a con- tribution levied on the city of $150,000, two thirds of which Gen. Scott remitted to the Uni- ted States to found military asylums. Taxes were laid for the support of the army, and a civil organization under the protection of the troops was created. The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, negotiated by Mr. Trist, was signed on Feb. 2, 1848, and soon after Mexico was evacuated by the United States troops. A court of inquiry into the conduct of the war only redounded to the fame of Scott. In 1852 he was the candidate of the whig party for the presidency, and received the electoral votes of Vermont, Massachusetts, Kentucky, and Ten- nessee, all the other states voting for the demo- cratic candidate, Gen. Pierce. In 1859 Gen. Scott as commissioner successfully settled the difficulty arising from the disputed boundary line of the United States and British America through the straits of Fuca. Age and infir- mity prevented him from taking an active part in the civil war, and on Oct. 31, 1861, he re- tired from service, retaining his rank, pay, and allowances. Soon afterward he made a brief visit to Europe, and he passed most of the remainder of his days at West Point, where he was buried. He was the author of a pam- phlet against the use of intoxicating liquors (1821) ; " General Regulations for the Army " (1825); "Letter to the Secretary of War" (1827); "Infantry Tactics," translated from -the French (1835); "Letter on the Slavery Question" (1843); and "Memoirs of Lieut. Gen. Scott, written by Himself" (2 vols. 12mo, 1864). Biographies of him have been writ- ten by E. D. Mansfield (1846), J. T. Headley (1852), and O. J. Victor (1861). See also "Campaign of Gen. Scott in the Valley of Mexico," by Lieut. Eaphael Semmes (1852). SCOTUS, Dans. See DUNS SCOTUS. SCOTCS, Jolin. See EKIGENA. SCOUGAL, Henry, a Scottish clergyman, born at Saltoun, East Lothian, in June, 1650, died in Aberdeen, June 13, 1678. He was the son of Patrick Scougal, bishop of Aberdeen. In 1669 he became professor of philosophy there, and in 1674 professor of divinity. His chief work is " The Life of God in the Soul of Man, or the Nature and Excellency of the Christian Religion," edited by Bishop Burnet (1671), which has been many times reprinted. SCRANTON, a city of Luzerne co., Pennsyl- vania, on the left or S. E. bank of the Lacka- wanna river, 105 m. N. by W. of Philadelphia; pop. in 1853, about 3,000; in 1860, 9,223; in 1870, 35,092, of whom 15,887 were foreigners, including 3,056 Germans, 1,445 English, 6,491 Irish, and 4,177 Welsh. It occupies the plateau at the confluence of Roaring brook and the Lackawanna, is handsomely laid out, with wide straight streets, and is lighted with gas and well supplied with water. It contains many fine residences and public buildings, but its general appearance is sombre. Its importance SCREAMER 711 is due to its situation in the most northern of the anthracite basins and to its railroad facili- ties. Five lines centre here, viz. : the Dela- ware, Lackawanna, and Western, the Pennsyl- vania coal company's railroad, the Lehigh and Susquehanna, the Delaware and Hudson, and the Lackawanna and Bloomsburg. The trade in mining supplies is extensive, and the ship- ments of coal are immense. Its manufactures, especially of iron, are also large. There are blast furnaces, rolling mills, founderies, ma- chine shops, saw mills, flouring mills, brewer- ies, gunpowder works, &c. The city has 12 banking institutions, with an aggregate capi- tal of $1,351,450 ; a hospital and a home for friendless women and children ; excellent pub- lic schools, with about 7,500 pupils; several private schools and academies ; two daily and seven weekly (two German and one Welsh) newspapers; and 31 churches, in five of which the services are in German and in seven in W'elsh. Scranton was incorporated as a bor- ough in 1854 and^ as a city in 1866. It has grown with great rapidity, its site having been occupied by a farm and a swamp previous to 1844, when a rolling mill was started. SCREAMER, the name of a group of South American wading birds, of the subfamily pala- medeince, so named from the loudness and shrill- ness of the voice. The bill is short, elevated, and curved like that of a gallinaceous bird ; nostrils large and exposed; wings long, with the shoulder armed with two or three strong spurs ; tail moderate and rounded ; tarsi long, strong, with numerous small scales ; toes long, the anterior united by a short membrane, and the claws long and curved. In the genus pala- Horned Screamer (Palamedea cornuta). medea (Linn.), the third and fourth quills are the longest, and the forehead is ornamented by a slender cylindrical horn ; the lores are feath- ered. The horned screamer (P. cornuta, Linn.), or kamichi, is larger than a goose, about 3 ft. long, blackish with a red spot on each shoulder,