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I STANFORD every kind of landscape, but as a painter of sea pieces he enjoyed a unique reputation. His works include "Wreck of a Dutch East Indiaman on the Coast of Holland;" "The Victory, bearing the Body of Nelson, towed into Gibraltar;" "The Abandoned;" "The Battle of Trafalgar;" "The French Troops fording the Magra;" "The Battle of Rovere- do;" "The Pyrenees;" and "St. Sebastian during the Siege under the Duke of Welling- ton." Among his latest works were "The Worm's Head" (1864), and " The Bass Rock" (1865). He was a prolific designer for illus- trated works, and published a series of litho- graphic copies of his sketches, " The Moselle, the Rhine, and the Meuse " (f ol., 1838). STMFORD, John, an American clergyman, born at Wandsworth, England, Oct. 20, 1754, died in New York, Jan. 14, 1834. He was brought up in the church of England, but united with the Baptist church, and in 1786 emigrated to the United States, spent a few months at Norfolk, Va., and then opened an academy in New York. In 1787 he became pastor of the first Baptist church, Providence, R. I., and while there wrote a history of that church. He resumed teaching in New York in 1789, and a Baptist church having been formed through his exertions in 1794, he served as its pastor till about 1800, continuing his school till 1813. He published " The Domestic Chap- lain " (1806) ; " Description of New York City " (1814) ; and " The Aged Christian's Compan- ion" (1829). STMHOPE. I. James, earl, a British states- man, born in 1673, died in London, Feb. 5, 1721. He was the son of Alexander Stan- hope, a brother of the second earl of Chester- field. Entering the military service at an early age, he was in 1694 commissioned a captain in the foot guards. After serving in Flanders till the peace of Ryswick, he participated in the disastrous expeditions of 1702 and 1704 to the Spanish peninsula ; and in 1705, being then a brigadier general, he shared in the earl of Peterborough's brilliant Spanish campaign. In 1706 he was sent by Queen Anne as envoy extraordinary to the king of Spain (the arch- duke Charles). In 1707 he was made major general, and in 1708 commander-in-chief of the British forces in Spain, and reduced Minor- ca and captured Port Mahon. After gaining further important successes in Spain, he was surprised by the duke of Vend6me at Brihuega on Dec. 8, 1710, and forced to surrender next day with about 4,000 men. Returning to Eng- land, he took his seat as a whig in parliament, to which he had been regularly returned since 1702.- George I. on his accession appointed him one of his principal secretaries of state, Vis- count Townshend being the other. In April, 1717, he was made first lord of the treasury, and a few months afterward raised to the peerage as Baron Stanhope of Elvaston and Viscount Stanhope of Mahon. In 1718 he resumed his office of secretary, Sunderland STANHOPE 305 becoming first lord of the treasury, and was created Earl Stanhope. He went to Paris and Madrid to avert hostilities with Spain, but without success; and he was afterward em- ployed in similar missions. On Feb. 4, 1721, while replying with much heat to an attack upon the ministry by the duke of Wharton, he burst a blood vessel. II. Charles, third earl, grandson of the preceding, born in August, 1753, died in December, 1816. Succeeding to his family Conors in 1786, he became noted for his radical opinions, and in his discussions carried the principles of the whigs so far that none of them dared follow him ; and in the latter years of his life he used to be called I' the minority of one." He invented the print- ing press which bears his name, suggested im- provements in canal locks, and contrived two calculating machines. He also studied elec- tricity, and in 1779 published his theory of what is called the return stroke. His princi- pal works are a reply to Burke's "Reflections on the French Revolution," and an "Essay on Juries." III. Philip Henry, fifth earl, an English author, grandson of the preceding, born at Walmer, Kent, Jan. 31, 1805, died at Bournemouth, Hampshire, Dec. 24, 1875. He graduated at Oxford in 1827, and from 1830 to 1852 was a member of parliament under his courtesy title of Lord Mahon. He held office during brief periods in the cabinets of the duke of Wellington and Sir Robert Peel, and he introduced and carried the copyright act of 1842. He has published "Life of Beli- sarius" (8vo, 1829); "History of the War of Succession in Spain" (8vo, 1832); "History of England from the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Versailles, 1713-'83" (7 vols., 1836- '54); "Spain under Charles II." (8vo, 1840); "Life of Louis, Prince of Conde" " (18mo, 1845) ; " Historical Essays contributed to the Quarterly Review " (8vo, 1849) ; a " Life of Joan of Arc " (1853) ; a "Life of William Pitt" (4 vols. 8vo, 1861-'2); and "History of England, compri- sing the Reign of Anne, until the Peace of Utrecht" (1870). He has edited "The Let- ters of Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Ches- terfield" (1845; 2d ed., 5 vols. 8vo, 1853), in conjunction with Mr. Cardwell, and "Me- moirs by the Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel, Bart." (2 vols., 1856-'7). Lord Stanhope suc- ceeded to his title in 1855. Since 1846 he has been president of the society of antiqua- ries. In 1858 he was elected lord rector of the university of Aberdeen, and in 1872 one of the six foreign members of the academy of moral and political sciences at Paris, in place of Mr. Grote. STANHOPE, Lady Hester Lucy, an eccentric English woman, born in London, March 12, 1776, died at Jun, in the Lebanon, June 23, 1839. She was the eldest child of Charles, third Earl Stanhope, by Hester, daughter of the great earl of Chatham. When about 20 years of age she entered the family of her uncle William Pitt, with whom she lived until