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554 TAHLEQUAH TALBOT TAIILEQCAII, the capital of the Cherokee nation, Indian territory, in the valley of Illi- nois river, a tributary of the Arkansas, 170 m. W. N. W. of Little Kock, Ark., and 15 m. E. of the Missouri, Kansas, and Texas railroad ; pop. about 300. The capitol, of brick, cost $20,000, and is in the centre of the public square. There are two schools and a weekly newspaper (Cherokee and English). TADfE, Hippolyte Adolphe, a French author, born in Vouziers, April 21, 1828. He was educated at the Bourbon college, was con- nected with the normal school of Paris for five years, and since 1864 has been professor of the history and aesthetics of art in the school of fine arts. His Essai sur Tite Live (1854) received a prize from the French acad- emy. His other works are : Voyage aux eaux des Pyrenees (1855) ; Les philosophes francais du XIX e siecle (1856) ; Essais de critique et dhistoire (1857 ; second series, 1865) ; La Fon- taine et sea fables (1860) ; Histoire de la litte- rature anglaise (4 vols., 1864); Idealisme an- glais: etude sur Carlyle (1864); Le positi- msme anglais: etude sur Stuart Mill (1864); Philosophie de Vart (1865); Philosophic de Part en Italie (1866) ; Voyage en Italie (2 vols., 1866) ; Notes sur Paris (1867) ; Videal dans Vart (1867); Philosophie de Vart dans les Pays-Bas (1868); De V intelligence (2 vols., 1869) ; Philosophie de Vart en Orece (1870) ; and Notes sur VAngleterre (1874). Most of his works have been translated into English by Durand, Van Laun, Haye, Rae, Fiske, and Stevens. In 1875 Taine began the publication of Les origines de la France contemporaine, with a volume on the Ancien regime, which is to be followed by one on the revolution. TAIPING. See CHINA, vol. iv., p. 463. TAIT, Archibald Campbell, an English clergy- man, born in Edinburgh, Dec. 22, 1811. He was educated at the university of Edinburgh and at Balliol college, Oxford, and was after- ward public examiner of the university. He was prominent in the opposition to the trac- tarians. In 1842 he succeeded Dr. Arnold as head master of Eugby school, where he re- mained eight years. In 1850 he was made dean of Carlisle, in 1856 bishop of London, and in 1868 archbishop of Canterbury. He has published "The Dangers and Safeguards of Modern Theology" (London, 1861), "The Word of God and the Ground of Faith " (1863), and two volnmes of sermons. TAIT, Peter Gnthrie, a British mathematician, born about 1825. He graduated at Cambridge, was fellow of St. Peter's college, became pro- fessor of mathematics in Queen's college, Bel- fast, and in 1862 was elected professor of nat- ural philosophy in the university of Edinburgh. He has published "A Treatise on Dynamics of a Particle," in conjunction with William J. Steele (8vo, Cambridge, 1856) ; " Value of the Edinburgh Degree, an Address" (8vo, Edin- l.urjrh, 1866); "Elementary Treatise on Qua- ternions" (8vo, Cambridge, 1867); and "Ther- modynamics " (8vo, Edinburgh, 1868). He has also, in conjunction with Sir William Thomson, published an " Elementary Treatise on Natural Philosophy" (8vo, London, vol. i., 1867). TALAVERA DE LA REYNA (anc. Taldbriga), a town of Spain, in the province of Toledo, on the Tagus, 64 m. S. W. of Madrid ; pop. about 9,000. It is a place of great antiquity, and was the scene of many conflicts between the Moors and Christians. On July 27 and 28, 1809, a battle was fought in the immediate vicinity, between the French, under Victor, Jourdan, and Sebastiani, and the British, under Sir Arthur Wellesley. In the decisive contest of the 28th, 30,000 French were driven back by 16,000 British troops. TALBOT. I. An E. county of Maryland, bounded W. by Chesapeake bay, and S. and E. by the Choptank river ; area, 250 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 16,137, of whom 6,666 were colored. The surface is generally level, and the soil highly fertile. The Maryland and Delaware railroad terminates at the county seat. The chief productions in 1870 were 302,078 bush- els of wheat, 515,122 of Indian corn, 38,825 of oats, 41,770 of Irish and 10,725 of sweet potatoes, 29,695 Ibs. of wool, 99,008 of but- ter, and 990 tons of hay. There were 3,298 horses,- 3,309 milch cows, 3,678 other cattle, 6,044 sheep, and 9,411 swine; 3 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 5 of clothing, 3 ship yards, and 7 saw mills. Capital, Easton. II. A W. county of Georgia, bounded N. E. by Flint river and drained by several large creeks ; area, 524 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 11,913, of whom 7,157 were colored. The surface is hilly and the soil good. It is crossed in the southeast by the Southwestern railroad. The chief pro- ductions in 1870 were 18,372 bushels of wheat, 200,645 of Indian corn, 12,940 of oats, 27,- 786 of sweet potatoes, and 7,020 tons of hay. There were 631 horses, 1,325 mules and asses, 2,021 milch cows, 3,435 other cattle, 1,093 sheep, and 9,308 swine. Capital, Talbotton. TALBOT, William Henry Fox, an English author, born at Chippenham, Wiltshire, Feb. 11, 1800. He was educated at Harrow and Cambridge, represented the liberal interest of Chippenham in the first reform parliament, 1832-'4, and became high sheriff of Wiltshire in 1840. In 1833 he began the experiments which in 1840 resulted in the discovery which laid the foun- dation for the photographic art. (See PHO- TOGRAPHY.) For this discovery he received in 1842 the medal of the royal society; and al- though he patented his process, he left it open to the public. Of late years he has devoted himself to deciphering cuneiform inscriptions. He has published " Legendary Tales in Verse and Prose " (London, 1830) ; " Hermes, or Clas- sical and Antiquarian Researches" (2 parts, 1838-'9); "Antiquity of the Book of Gene- sis " (1839) ; " The Pencil of Nature," in which he details his experiments and discoveries in photography (6 parts, 1844-'6); and "English Etymologies" (1846).