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TYRONE tumes, and are noted for their national songs, piety, patriotism, and industry. In early times the country was inhabited by Rhsetian and Cel- tic tribes. Under the reign of Augustus it be- came part of Ehsetia. (See RH^ETIA.) Subse- quently it was occupied successively by various races, and was ultimately divided into petty states or lordships, tributary to the dukes of Bavaria, among which the duchy of Meran was the most important. These were finally united, and in 1364 were annexed to the duchy of Austria by Duke Rudolph IV., to whom Mar- garet, surnamed Maultasch, the heiress of Tyrol, had ceded her rights. After various changes Tyrol was inherited in 1490 by Maximilian, the future emperor of Germany, and after new changes finally reunited with the main line of the house of Austria in 1665. By virtue of the treaty of Presburg (Dec. 26, 1805), the country passed into the possession of Bavaria. This gave rise to the insurrection under An- dreas Hofer in 1809, during which the women fought by the side of the men, and hundreds of them were slain. (See HOFEK.) Austria recovered Tyrol in 1814. The local constitu- tion dates from 1861. The diet consists of 68 members, including the prince-archbishop of Salzburg, whose jurisdiction extends over part of Tyrol, the two prince-bishops of Trent and Brixen, the rector of the university, 4 clerical delegates, 10 of the landholding aristocracy, 13 of large cities, 3 of chambers of commerce and industry, and 34 of rural communities. They are elected for six years. The president of the diet is appointed by the emperor. Vo- rarlberg has its own constitution and diet. The Tyrol diet elects 10 members to the Reichstag. The Italian or Welsh Tyrolese, who inhabit the southern districts, favor a union with Italy, but Garibaldi's attempt in 1866 to wrest these districts from Austria proved abortive. The ultramontane party preponderates excepting in some of the larger cities, and recent attempts to diminish the influence of the clergy encoun- tered a violent opposition. See Hormayr, Ge- scJiichte der gefwrsteten GrafscTiaft Tirol (2 vols., Tubingen, 1806-'8), and Dai Land Tirol und der Tirolerkrieg von 1809 (2 vols., Leipsic, 1845) ; Egger, Geschichte Tirols ton den altes- ten Zeiten bis in die Neuzeit (2 vols., Innspruck, 1872-'4); Miss R. H. Busk, "The Valleys of Tyrol" (London, 1874); H. Baden Pritchard, " Tramps in the Tyrol " (London, 1874) ; Steub, Drei Sommer in Tyrol (3 vols., enlarged ed., Stuttgart, 1875) ; and W. A. Baillie Grohman, "Tyrol and the Tyrolese" (London, 1876). TYRONE, a N. county of Ireland, in the province of Ulster, bordering on Lough Neagh, which separates it from Antrim, and the coun- ties of Armagh, Monaghan, Fermanagh, Don- egal, and Londonderry; area, 1,260 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 215,668. The chief towns' are Strabane, Dungannon, and Omagh, the capi- tal. The surface is greatly diversified, and has many fertile plains and valleys. The only con- siderable rivers are the Foyle and Blackwater. TYTLER 99 Coal is found, but turf is the usual fuel. The Londonderry and Enniskillen railway passes through Tyrone near Strabane. TYRRELL, an E. county of North Carolina, bordering on Albemarle sound, and bounded E. by Alligator river ; area, about 350 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 4,173, of whom 1,802 were col- ored. The surface is level and the soil sandy. A large portion of the county is covered with swamps and heavy forests of pine, cypress, and red cedar; and shingles, staves, tar, and tur- pentine are extensively exported. The chief productions in 1870 were 105,308 bushels of Indian corn, 22,544 of sweet potatoes, 507 bales of cotton, and 17,894 Ibs. of rice. There were 306 horses, 2,478 cattle, 1,539 sheep, and 4,664 swine. Capital, Columbia. TYRTMJS, a Greek poet of the 7th century B. C., a native of Attica or of Laceda3mon. An ancient tradition recounts that, in the second Messenian war, the Spartans were commanded by an oracle to apply to the Athenians for a leader. In answer the Athenians sent Tyrtasus, a schoolmaster of low family and reputation, and deformed, as the most unfit person they could select for the purpose ; but he so inspired the Spartans with his war songs, that the Mes- senians were subdued. His poems were of two kinds : marching songs in anapaestic measures, to be sung with the music of the flute, and elegiac exhortations to constancy and courage. The fragments of them are in Gaisford's Poetcs Minores Grteci (translated into English verse by Polwhele, 1786-'92), and in Bergh's Poetce Lyrici Grceci (3d ed., Leipsic, 1866). They have been newly collected and annotated by A. Lami (Leghorn, 1874). TYRWHITT, Thomas, an English author, born in London, March 29, 1730, died there, Aug. 16, 1786. He graduated at Oxford in 1750, and in 1756 was appointed under secretary of war, and in 1762 clerk of the house of com- mons. He resigned office in 1768. Two years previous to his death he was appointed a cura- tor of the British museum. His principal works in English are "Observations on some Pas- sages in Shakespeare" (8vo, Oxford, 1766), and an edition of Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales," with an "Essay on his Language and Versifi- cation, an Introductory Discourse, and Notes " (5 vols. 8vo, London, 1773-'8). He aided in the publication of Chatterton's " Poems by Rowley," and supported the authorship of them by Chatterton. He also published in Latin notes, animadversions, and conjectures on writings by Plutarch, Babrius (the supposed author of ^Esop's fables), ^Eschylus, Euripides, Aristophanes, Strabo, and others. His princi- pal work in this department of literature was an edition of Aristotle's " Poetics," published posthumously in 1794. TYTLER. I. William, a Scottish author, born in Edinburgh, Oct. 12, 1711, died Sept. 12, 1792. He was a writer to the signet, but his reputation rests chiefly upon his "Historical and Critical Enquiry into the Evidence pro-