The leading crops in 1874, as reported by the department of agriculture, were as follows:
| PRODUCTS. | Number of bushels, &c. |
Number of acres. |
Value. | Average yield per acre. |
| Ind. corn, bushels | 850,148,500 | 41,036,918 | $550,043,080 | 20.7 |
| Wheat | 309,102,700 | 24,967,027 | 291,107,895 | 12.3 |
| Rye | 14,990,900 | 1,116,716 | 12,870,411 | 13.4 |
| Oats | 240,369,000 | 10,897,412 | 125,047,530 | 22.0 |
| Barley | 32,552,500 | 1,580,626 | 29,983,769 | 20.6 |
| Buckwheat | 8,016,600 | 452,590 | 6,477,885 | 17.7 |
| Potatoes | 105,981,000 | 1,310,041 | 71,823,330 | 80.9 |
| Total | 1,561,161,200 | 81,361,330 | $1,087,353,900 | ...... |
| Tobacco, lbs. | 178,355,000 | 281,662 | $23,362,765 | 632.2 |
| Hay, tons | 24,133,900 | 21,769,772 | 331,420,738 | 1.11 |
| Cotton, bales | 3,800,000 | ......... | 256,215.000 | ...... |
The number and value of farm animals in 1874 were as follows:
| ANIMALS. | Number. | Average price. |
Value. |
| Horses | 9,504,200 | $68 01 | $646,370,939 |
| Mules | 1,393,750 | 80 00 | 111,502,713 |
| Milch cows | 10,906,800 | 28 52 | 311,089,824 |
| Oxen and other cattle | 16,313,400 | 18 68 | 304,858,859 |
| Sheep | 33,783,600 | 2 79 | 94,320,652 |
| Swine | 28,062,200 | 5 34 | 149,869,234 |
The states producing the most wheat in 1873 were: Iowa, 34,600,000 bushels; Illinois, 28,417,000; Minnesota, 28,056,000; Wisconsin, 26,322,000; California, 21,504,000; Indiana, 20,832,000; Ohio, 18,567,000; Pennsylvania, 15,548,000; Michigan, 14,214,000; Missouri, 11,927,000; Tennessee, 7,414,000; Kentucky, 7,225,000; New York, 7,047,000. Indian corn: Illinois, 143,634,000; Iowa, 105,200,000; Ohio, 88,422,000; Missouri, 70,846,000; Indiana, 67,840,000 ; Kentucky, 58,451,000. Oats: Illinois, 35,360,000; Pennsylvania, 31,229,000; New York, 27,548,000; Ohio, 23,090,000; Iowa, 21,130,000; Wisconsin, 18,862,000; Missouri, 15,670,000. Rye: Pennsylvania, 3,283,000; Illinois, 2,078,000; New York, 1,853,000; Wisconsin, 1,240,000; Kentucky, 1,107,000. Barley: California, 10,213,991; New York, 5,876,000; Iowa, 4,500,000; Illinois, 2,280,000; Ohio, 1,576,000 ; Wisconsin, 1,515,000; Minnesota, 1,060,000. Buckwheat: New York, 2,947,000; Pennsylvania, 2,022,000. Tobacco: Kentucky, 152,000,000 lbs.; Virginia, 50,000,000; Ohio, 32,500,000; Tennessee, 23,750,000; Maryland, 19,300,000; Missouri, 13,200,000. Wool (census of 1870): Ohio, 20,539,643 lbs.; California, 11,391,743; New York, 10,599,225; Michigan, 8,726,145; Pennsylvania, 6,561,722; Illinois, 5,739,249; Indiana, 5,029,023; Wisconsin, 4,090,670. The chief cotton-producing states are Mississippi, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Florida. In 1874 the greatest number of horses was in Illinois, of mules in Tennessee, of oxen and other cattle in Texas and Illinois, of milch cows in New York, and of hogs in Iowa and Illinois. The wool product of 1873 was estimated at 146,000,000 lbs. The industry of wool growing, though progressing but little east of the Mississippi, has been increasing from the Missouri to the Pacific coast. The states reporting the largest number of sheep in 1874 were California, 4,683,200; Ohio, 4,639,000; Michigan, 3,486,300; New York, 2,037,200; Iowa, 1,732,600; Indiana, 1,722,500; Pennsylvania, 1,674,000; Missouri, 1,408,500; Illinois, 1,408,200; Texas, 1,338,700; and Wisconsin, 1,187,600.—The growth of manufactures is shown by the following statistics, reported by the censuses of 1850, 1860, and 1870:
| PARTICULARS. | 1850. | 1860. | 1870. |
| Number of establishments | 123,025 | 140,433 | 252,148 |
| Steam engines, number | ........ | ........ | 40,191 |
| Steam engines, horsepower | ........ | ........ | 1,215,711 |
| Water wheels, number | ........ | ........ | 51,018 |
| Water wheels, horsepower | ........ | ........ | 1,130,431 |
| Hands employed, all | 957,059 | 1,311,246 | 2,053,996 |
| Hands employed, males above 16 | [1]731,137 | [1]1,040 349 | 1,615,598 |
| Hands employed, females above 15 | [2]225,922 | [2]270,897 | 323,770 |
| Hands employed, youth | ........ | ........ | 114,628 |
| Capital | $538,245,351 | $1,009,855,715 | $2,118,208,769 |
| Wages | $236,755,464 | $378,878,966 | $775,584,343 |
| Value of materials | $555,123,822 | $1,031,605,092 | $2,488,427,242 |
| Value of products | $1,019,106,616 | $1,885,861,676 | $4,232,325,442 |
The difference between the schedules used in 1870 and those of 1860 and 1850 renders the above statements only approximately valuable for purposes of comparison. Certain industries are included in the results of 1870 which are excluded from those of 1860; others reported in 1860 do not appear in the above totals for 1870. The marked increase in the value of products between 1860 and 1870 is especially noticeable. Making allowance for the differences above referred to, and estimating the increase due to special administrative efforts in 1870 at $250,000,000, the superintendent of the census computes that the value of products in 1870 should be reduced to $3,924,958,660, in order to be fairly comparable with that of 1860. This would show an increase of $2,039,096,984, or 108.12 per cent., 56 per cent. of which is attributed to the general advance in prices, leaving 52 per cent. as the actual increase of manufacturing production. In 1870 the leading industries were:
