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448 WARBURTON WARD WARBl'RTON, William, an English author, born in Newark, Nottinghamshire, Dec. 24, 1698, died in Gloucester, June 7, 1779. He was educated for the law, and began business at Newark in 1719; but in 1723 he received deacon's orders, and published anonymously " Miscellaneous Translations, in Prose and Verse, from Roman Poets, Orators, and His- torians." In 1726 he was ordained a priest, and was presented to the small vicarage of Gryes- ly, Nottinghamshire. In the same year he went to London, and formed a friendship with Theobald, and also allied himself with the con- federacy against Pope. Ho published " Critical and Philosophical Inquiry into the Causes of Prodigies and Miracles" (12mo, 1727), issued anonymously and subsequently suppressed, and " The Legal Judicature in Chancery stated " (1727). In 1728 he was presented to the rec- tory of Brant Broughton in Lincolnshire, worth about 200 a year, where he spent most of his life. In 1736 appeared big" Alliance between Church and State, or the Necessity and Equity of an Established Religion and a Test Law demonstrated from the Essence and End of Civil Society, upon the Fundamental Principles of the Law of Nature and Nations." This was followed in 1737-'8 by the first vol- ume of " The Divine Legation of Moses demon- strated on the Principles of a Religious Deist, from the Omission of the Doctrine of a Future State of Rewards and Punishments in the Jew- ish Dispensation," soon after which he was appointed chaplain to the prince of Wales. In 1739-'40 he published, in a periodical called " The Works of the Learned," a series of letters under the title of "A Vindication of Pope's Essay on Man," which led to a friendship with Pope. In 1741 he published the second vol- ume of the "Divine Legation of Moses," and in 1742 "A Critical and Philosophical Com- mentary on Mr. Pope's Essay on Man ;" and at this time ho advised the poet to make Colley Gibber the hero of the " Dunciad " instead of Theobald, and to add a fourth book. Both were accordingly done, and in 1743 the poem appeared with notes by Warburton. In 1746 he was elected preacher of Lincoln's Inn, and in 1747 published his edition of Shakespeare (8 vols. 8vo). About this time arose his con- troversy with Middleton, out of which grew his treatise entitled "Julian, or a Discourse concerning the Earthquake and Fiery Erup- tions which defeated the Emperor's Attempt to rebuild the Temple at Jerusalem" (1750). The following year he published an edition of Pope's works in 9 vols. 8vo, and in 1753-'4 two volumes of sermons preached at Lincoln's Inn. Upon the publication of Bolingbroke's writings, he wrote a review of his philosophy in four letters to a friend (1754-'5). In 1754 he was made one of the king's chaplains in ordi- nary, in 1755 prebendary of Durham, in 1757 dean of Bristol, and on Dec. 22, 1759, bishop of Gloucester. Among his remaining works is one against Methodism entitled " The Doctrine of Grace, or the Office and Operations of the Holy Spirit vindicated from the Insults of Infidelity and the Abuses of Fanaticism " (2 vols. 12mo, 1762). His friend Bishop Hurd published an edition of his works (7 vols. 4to, 1788), and in 1794 an account of his life, character, and writings, in 1808 appeared a volume of letters addressed to Hurd under the title of "Letters of Warburton to one of his Friends;" and in 1841 the "Literary Remains of Bishop War- burton," edited by the Rev. Francis Kilvert. A "Life of Bishop Warburton " has been pub- lished by the Rev. John Selby Watson (8vo, London, 1863). WARD, Artemas, an American general, born in Shrewsbury, Mass., Nov. 27, 1727, died there, Oct. 28, 1800. He graduated at Harvard col- lege in 1748, and was successively a represen- tative in the colonial legislature and a member of the council, and was also justice of the court of common pleas in Worcester county. In the French and Indian war he served as lieutenant colonel under Abercrombie, and in 1774 was one of the delegates to the provincial congress. At the breaking out of the revolu- tionary war he was appointed by congress first major general, Juno 17, 1775, and was in com- mand of the army which began the siege of Boston. On the election of Washington as commander-in-chief Ward was made second in command, and was assigned to command the right wing on Roxbury heights. In April, 1776, a month after the surrender of Boston, he resigned. He was for 16 years a repre- sentative in the Massachusetts legislature, and was a member of congress from 1791 to 1795. WARD, Artemus. See BROWNE, CHARLES FAR- RAR. WARD, Edward Matthew, an English painter, born in London in 1816. In 1834 he entered the royal academy and exhibited his first pic- tures. In 1836-'9 he studied in Rome, whoro he gained the silver medal from the academy of St. Luke in 1838. He studied fresco paint- ing in Munich. In 1839 he exhibited " Cima- bue and Giotto," and in 1843 contributed to the cartoon competition at Westminster hall n heroic composition entitled " Boadicea." His " Dr. Johnson perusing the Manuscript of the Vicar of Wakefield" (1843) was followed by " Goldsmith as a Wandering Musician " and " La Flour's Departure from Montreuil " (1844), " Dr. Johnson in Lord Chesterfield's Ante- Room" (1845), "The Fall of Clarendon" (1846), and "The South Sea Bubble" (1847). In 1852 he was commissioned to paint eight pictures for the corridor of the house of com- mons. Of these ho painted in oil "General Monk declaring for a Free Parliament," and "William and Mary receiving the Lords and Commons;" bnt owing to the darkness of the corridor, they have since been reproduced in fresco. "The Landing of Charles II." and "The Acquittal of the Seven Bishops" have been painted in water glass. Among his other works are " An Interview between Charles II.