Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/609

WHARTON died in Catalonia, Spain, May 31, 1731. At 16 years of age he married a woman far inferior in rank to himself, which so disconcerted his parents that they both died heart-broken, it is said, within a year. In conformity with his father's plans, however, he went in 1716 to Geneva to complete his education, but soon parted from his Calvinist tutor, and travelled to Avignon, where he received from the pre- tender the title of duke of Northumberland. He next went to Paris, where he borrowed from the widow of James II. 2,OOQ, promising to employ it in the interest of the Jacobites. In the latter part of 1716 he took his seat in the Irish house of peers, and greatly distin- guished himself as a debater. Within a year he was created duke of Wharton in the Eng- lish peerage. In 1720 he took his seat in the English house of peers, where he soon threw the weight of his brilliant talents against the ministry. Within three years he became greatly involved by his extravagance ; and early in 1724, having for several months edited a semi- weekly political paper called the " True Brit- on," he went to Vienna, and thence to Madrid. He soon made no secret of his adherence to the pretender, and at the siege of Gibraltar in 1727 he openly appeared as aide-de-camp to the count of Torres. The king of Spain made him colonel of an Irish regiment in the Spanish service, but in England he was attainted for high treason and dispossessed of the remnant of his property. The remainder of his life was passed in wandering. In 1732 appeared the " Life and Writings of Philip, late Duke of Wharton" (2 vols. 8vo), containing his " True Briton" papers and speech in defence of Atter- bury ; and there is another publication in 2 vols. 8vo, purporting to contain the poetical works of himself and his friends. WHARTON, Thomas, an English physician, born in Yorkshire about 1610, died in London in 1673. He was fellow of the London college of physicians, and a lecturer in Gresham col- lege. He is remembered principally by his dis- covery of the excretory duct of the submaxil- lary gland, known as " Wharton's duct." His chief publication was his Adenographia, sen Descriptio Glandularum totius Corporis (Lon- don, 1656). WHATCOM, a N. W. county of Washing- ton territory, bpunded N. by British Colum- bia and W. by Washington sound, lying be- tween the gulf of Georgia and the strait of Fuca ; area, about 4,100 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 634. It is watered by several streams. The coast is indented by Bellingham bay, near which is Lake Whatcom, and in the vicinity are coal mines. The interior is covered with dense forests, and the E. part is crossed by lofty and rugged mountains. Mt. Baker in this region is over 10,000 ft. high. Lumber is the principal source of wealth. The chief pro- ductions in 1870 were 1,275 bushels of wheat, 5,430 of oats, 1,686 of barley, 2,392 of peas and beans, 28,600 of potatoes, 30,210 Ibs. of WHEAT 585 wool, 16,600 of butter, and 1,364 tons of hay There were 131 horses, 617 milch cows, 1,485 other cattle, 10,070 sheep, and 1,634 swine Capital, Whatcom. WHATELY, Richard, an English prelate, bora in London, Feb. 1, 1787, died in Dublin, Oct. 8, 1863. He graduated at Oxford in 1808, be- came a fellow of Oriel college in 1811, was appointed Bampton lecturer in 1822, and the same year became rector of Halesworth in Suf- folk. In 1825 he was chosen principal of St. Alban's hall, Oxford, in 1830 was appointed professor of political economy at Oxford, and in 1831 was consecrated archbishop of Dublin and bishop of Glendalagh. He took an active part in establishing the " national system of education " in Ireland, and endowed the pro- fessorship of political economy in the univer- sity of Dublin. He resigned his connection with the board of Irish education in 1853. In theology he is reckoned one of the founders of the broad church party. His most important works are : " Historic Doubts relative to Na- poleon Bonaparte" (London, 1819); "On the Use and Abuse of Party Feeling in Religion " (Bampton lectures, 1822); "The Christian's Duty with respect to the Established Gov- ernment and the Laws "(1821); "Essays on some of the Peculiarities of the Christian Religion " (1825 ; new American ed., Ando- ver, 1870); "Elements of Logic" (1626); "Elements of Rhetoric" (1828); "Essays on some of the Difficulties in the Writings of St. Paul," &c. (1828) ; " Introductory Lectures to Political Economy" (1831); "Introductory Lectures on the Study of St. Paul's Epistles " (1849); " English Synonymes" (1851); "Ba- con's Essays, with Notes" (1856); "Scrip- ture Doctrine concerning the Sacraments" (1857); "Introductory Lessons on Mind" (1859) ; "Introductory Lessons on the Brit- ish Constitution " (1859) ; " Lectures on some of the Parables" (I860); "Lectures on Prayer" (1860); "General View of the Rise, Progress, and Corruption of Christianity, with a Sketch of the Author, and a catalogue of his Writings" (New York, 1860); and "Mis- cellaneous Lectures and Reviews" (London, 1861) His " Miscellaneous Remains " have been edited by Miss E. J. Whately (1864). WHEAT (A.-S. hwate, white, in distinction from rye and other dark-colored grains), a ce- real, triticum vulgare, which has been cultiva- ted from the earliest antiquity, and now fur- nishes the principal breadstuff in all civilized countries. The wheat genus, triticum (the classical name), belongs to the subtribe of grasses called hordeinece, from barley, which is in structure closely related to wheat, and rye also belongs in the same division; all these have their one- to many-flowered spikelets on opposite sides of a zigzag jointed stem or ra- chis, which is excavated to form a notch at each joint. In triticum there is but a single spikelet at each joint, its two glumes placed transversely, and it is from three- to several-