Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/629

WHITE FISH church in Newburyport. In 1741 he married a widow, whose death in 1768, according to his friend Winter, " set his mind much at rest." She bore him a son, who died an infant. Whitefield was tall in person; his features were regular, and his eyes small, blue, and luminous ; one of them had a slight cast. His voice was marvellously rich, sweet, and sono- rous. His eloquence has been rarely surpassed. His style was severely simple, and in his print- ed sermons seems even meagre. He never fell into vulgarity, but delighted in odd illus- trations, anecdotes, local allusions, colloquial phrases, and the language of the common peo- ple. A collection of his sermons, tracts, and letters was published in London in 1771 (6 vols. 8vo), and his journals were printed du- ring his lifetime (2d ed., 1756). See John Gil- lies, " Memoirs of the Life of the Eev. George Whitefield" (London, 1772); Robert Philip, " Life and Times of Whitefield " (1838) ; and the Rev. Abel Stevens, "History of the Re- ligious Movement of the 18th Century called Methodism " (New York, 1859-'62). WHITE FISH (coregonus albus, Lesueur), a valuable member of the salmon family, pecu- liar to North America. It is found in the great lakes from Lake Erie to the Arctic sea, in Lake Champlain, in the smaller lakes of Can- ada connected with the St. Lawrence on the S. side, and in the Mackenzie, Coppermine, and other rivers flowing into the icy sea, even as low down as brackish water. The mouth is small and without teeth, the body elongated but thick, head small and pointed, tail forked, first dorsal not so long as high in front, and scales large. It attains a length of 1-J- to 2 ft., and a weight of 3 to 10 Ibs., in the clear waters of Lake Superior becoming very large and fat ; its general appearance is shad-like, whence it is called lake shad at Burlington, Vt. It is bluish gray on the back, lighter on the sides, and white below. In October they enter the rivers from the lakes to spawn, usu- ally returning in three or four weeks; they are gregarious, and move from place to place according to the supply of food, which con- sists of insects and larvae, tender aquatic plants, soft-shelled mollusks, and occasionally small fishes ; they die very quickly when taken out of the water. They are caught principally by gill nets, most abundantly when spread under the ice. The flesh is bluish white, changing when boiled to pure opaque white, whence the name. WHITEHALL, a town and village of Washing- ton co., New York, at the head of Lake Champlain, on the Rensselaer and Saratoga and New York and Canada railroads, 65 m. N. N. E. of Albany; pop. of the town in 1870, 5,564; of the village, 4,322; of the town in 1875, 5,039. It is connected with Troy by the Champlain canal. The village is situated at the entrance of Wood creek and Pawlet river into the lake, and steamboats ply daily during the summer between it and the other lake ports. The falls in, the streams furnish am- WHITELOCKE 605 pie water power. The principal manufacturing establishments are three saw and planing mills, three machine shops, a door factory, and seven boat-building establishments. There are six large lumber firms, and three banks. Two weekly newspapers are published. The village contains a graded free school, and Baptist, Epis- copal, Methodist, Presbyterian, and Roman Catholic (one French and one Irish) churches. The town was first settled in 1761 by Major Philip Skene, who gave it the name of Skenee- borough. The name was changed to White- hall in 1786. The Champlain canal was con- structed from this point to Fort Edward in 1819, and completed to Troy in 1824. WH1TEHAVEN, a seaport and market town of Cumberland, England, on a small creek of the Irish sea, 33 m. S. W. of Carlisle ; pop. in 1871, 18,446. It is built at the foot of high hills and has a good harbor. The principal articles of export are coal, iron, and iron ore. The coal mines extend under the town and for more than two miles under the sea. There are manufactories of cotton, linen, iron and earth- en ware, bricks, &c. WHITEHEAD, William, an English poet, horn in Cambridge in 1715, died in London, April 14, 1785. He was educated at Winchester school and at Cambridge, and became fellow of Clare hall. In 1741 he published an " Epis- tle on the Danger of Writing Verse." In 1745 he wrote his tragedy of " The Roman Father," founded partly upon the Horace of Corneille, which was brought out at Drury Lane in 1750. His " Cretisa, Queen of Athens," was brought out in 1754. In 1758 he was made poet lau- reate. In 1762 he produced a comedy, " The School for Lovers," and in 1770 a farce, " The Trip to Scotland." His productions were twice printed under his own supervision (1754 and 1774). His friend Mason published a third edition in 1788, with a biography. WHITE LEAD. See LEAD, vol. x., p. 245. WHITELOCKE, Bnistrode, an English states- man, born in London, Aug. 2, 1605, died at Chilton, Wiltshire, Jan. 28, 1676. He was the son of Sir James Whitelocke, judge of the common pleas, was educated at Oxford, en- tered the Middle Temple, and in 1640 was elected to the long parliament. He was chair' man of the committee for managing the inv peachment of the earl of Strafford. In 1642 he was made deputy lieutenant of Bucking- hamshire and Oxfordshire, and with Hampden dispersed the commissioners of array assembled at Watlington. In November, 1642, he was present at the defence of Brentford; subse- quently was one of the commissioners sent to Oxford to treat for peace ; and was a member of the Westminster assembly, where he opposed the adoption of Presbyterianism. In 1644 he was appointed governor of Windsor castle. In 1645 he opposed the self-denying ordinance, became one of the commissioners of the ad- miralty, and a member of the commission sent to Uxbridge to negotiate with Charles. He re-