Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/647

WILFRED graduated in the university of the city of New York in 1849. After practising his profession one year in Pennsylvania, he joined the Phila- delphia conference, and was sent as medical missionary of the mission at Foochow, China. He returned to the United States in 1854, and was transferred to the Newark conference. In 1858 he was appointed president of the Pen- nington seminary and collegiate institute, New Jersey. He was editor of the " Ladies' Repos- itory," Cincinnati, from 1864 to 1872, when he was elected bishop of the Methodist Episco- pal church. He has published "The Fallen Missionaries of Fuh-chau " (New York, 1858). WILFRED, or Wilfrid, Saint, bishop of York, born about 634, died in the monastery of Oun- dle, Oct. 12, 709. In order to bring the Scot- tish church into accord with the rest of Chris- tendom as to the time of celebrating Easter, he visited Rome in 654. In 664 he took a prominent part in the famous conference at Whitby, where he obtained from Alchfred, king of Northumbria, a decision in favor of the Eoman usage. The king also nominated him bishop of York. In order to obtain ortho- dox consecration he went to Gaul, and was consecrated by the bishop of Paris. During his absence his opponents put Ceadda into his place, and he did not gain possession until 667. King Egfred, the successor of Alchfred, was hostile to Wilfred, and in 677 divided his bishopric into three. Wilfred appealed to" Rome and obtained a decision in his favor; but Egfred imprisoned and then exiled him. On the death of Egfred he was restored to his original see. The quarrel between Wil- fred and the Scottish party continued ; a synod in 692 again divided the bishopric of York, and although his rights were again confirmed by a papal decree, he was not reinstated. WILHEOI, Karl, a German musician, born in Smalcald, Sept. 5, 1828, died there, Aug. 26, 1873. He excelled in songs and pieces for the piano, and for 25 years taught music at Crefeld. He composed the music of Die Wacht am Hhein (1854), the most popular song during the Franco-German war of 1870-'71, for which the government granted him a pension of 1,000 thalers ; and a monument to him is to be erected at Smalcald. WILHELMSHAVEN, a seaport town of Ger- many, in the former territory and at the N. W. end of the bay of Jade, since 1873 part of the Prussian province of Hanover, 40 m. N. W. of Bremen ; pop. about 10,000. It grew up around the naval dockyard and military post inaugurated in 1869, and since used as the main station of the German navy. The port was laid out on swampy land purchased in 1853 from Oldenburg, and is diked against the . sea. It has an inner and an outer basin, the latter flanked by piers 4,000 and 10,000 ft. long, and there are three dry docks for building and re- pairing ironclads, and factories for steam en- gines. The total cost of all the works when completed will probably reach $40,000,000. 836 VOL. xvi. iO WILKES WILHELMSIIOHE. See CASSEL. WILIBALD ALEXIS. See UARING. WILKES. I. A N. W. county of North Car- olina, intersected by theYadkin river: area, 864 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 15,539, of whom 1,662 were colored. The Blue Ridge extends along the N. W. border, and the surface is diversified by mountains and valleys. The soil of the lat- ter is very fertile, and that of the mountains is well adapted to pasturage. There is a great abundance of iron ore, and bituminous coal is found. The chief productions in 1870 were 24,134 bushels of wheat, 21,774 of rye, 202,590 of Indian corn, 42,691 of oats, 16,460 of Irish and 12,726 of sweet potatoes, 77,397 Ibs. of butter, 12,040 of wool, and 32,238 of tobacco. There were 1,529 horses, 3,318 milch cows, 5,843 other cattle, 8,352 sheep, and 16,027 swine. Capital, Wilkesborough. II. A N. E. county of Georgia, bounded N. by Broad river and S. by Little river, and drained by their branches; area, 550 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 11,796, of whom 7,827 were colored. The surface is undulating and the soil only moderately fertile. Iron ore, granite, and quartz are found. A branch of the Georgia railroad terminates at the county seat. The chief productions in 1870 were 22,867 bushels of wheat, 171,378 of In- dian corn, 37,742 of oats, 16,970 of sweet po- tatoes, 79,469 Ibs. of butter, 5,598 of wool, and 6,882 bales of cotton. There were 1,109 horses, 1,011 mules and asses, 2,237 milch cows, 4,731 other cattle, 3,487 sheep, and 9,436 swine. Capital, Washington. WILKES, Charles, an American naval officer, born in New York in 1801. He was appointed a midshipman in 1816, and served on the Medi- terranean station in 1819-'20, and in the Pacific in 1821-'3. In 1826 he was commissioned as lieutenant. He was appointed to the depart- ment of charts and instruments in 1830, and was the first in the United States to set up and observe with fixed astronomical instruments. On Aug. 18, 1838, he sailed from Norfolk, Va., in command of a squadron of five vessels and a store ship, to explore the southern seas. He visited Madeira, the Cape Verd islands, Rio de Janeiro, Tierra del Fuego, Valparaiso, Cal- lao, the Paumotou group, Tahiti, the Sainonn group (which he surveyed and explored), Wal- lis island, and Sydney in New South Wales. He left Sydney in December, 1839, and made important discoveries in the antarctic regions. In 1840 he thoroughly explored the Feejee group, and visited the IIav aiian islands, where he measured the pendulum on the summit of Mauna Loa. In 1841 he visited the N. W. coast of America and the Columbia and Sa- cramento rivers, and on Nov. 1 set sail from San Francisco, visited Manila, Sooloo, Borneo, Singapore, the Cape of Good Hope, and St. Helena, and cast anchor at New York on June 10, 1842. Charges preferred against him by some of his officers were investigated by a court martial, and he was acquitted of all ex- cept illegally punishing some of his crew, for